Mou Rui, Niu Ruixia, Yang Ruoying, Xu Guoyong
State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; RNA Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
Trends Plant Sci. 2025 Mar;30(3):311-323. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.10.005. Epub 2024 Oct 28.
Plants intricately regulate the expression of protein-coding genes at multiple stages - including mRNA transcription, translation, decay, and protein degradation - to control growth, development, and responses to environmental challenges. Recent research highlights the importance of translational reprogramming as a pivotal mechanism in regulating gene expression across diverse physiological scenarios. This regulatory mechanism bears practical implications, particularly in bolstering crop productivity by manipulating RNA regulatory elements (RREs) to modulate heterologous gene expression through transgene and endogenous gene expression through gene editing. Here, we elucidate the potential of upstream open reading frames (uORFs), a prominent and stringent class of RREs, in optimizing crop performance, exemplifying the efficacy of translational control in enhancing agricultural yields.
植物在多个阶段精确调控蛋白质编码基因的表达，包括mRNA转录、翻译、降解以及蛋白质降解，以控制生长、发育并应对环境挑战。最近的研究强调了翻译重编程作为一种关键机制在不同生理场景中调控基因表达的重要性。这种调控机制具有实际意义，特别是在通过操纵RNA调控元件（RREs）来调节异源基因表达（通过转基因）以及通过基因编辑调节内源基因表达以提高作物生产力方面。在这里，我们阐明了上游开放阅读框（uORFs）这一突出且严格的RREs类别在优化作物性能方面的潜力，例证了翻译控制在提高农业产量方面的功效。
