Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
J Biotechnol. 2019 Jun 10;298:21-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.04.008. Epub 2019 Apr 9.
The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as the development of high-yielding varieties enabled substantial increase in crop productivity during the 20th century. However, the increase in yield over the last two decades has been slower. It is thought that further improvement in productivity of the major crop species using traditional cultivation methods is limited. Therefore, the use of genetic engineering seems to be a promising approach. There is ongoing research concerning genes that have an impact on plant growth, development and yield. The proteins and miRNAs encoded by these genes participate in a variety of processes, such as growth regulation, assimilate transport and partitioning as well as macronutrient uptake and metabolism. This paper presents the major directions in research concerning genes that may be targets of genetic engineering aimed to improve plant productivity.
在 20 世纪，化肥和农药的使用以及高产品种的开发使得作物生产力有了实质性的提高。然而，在过去的二十年中，产量的增长速度较慢。人们认为，使用传统的种植方法，主要作物品种的生产力进一步提高是有限的。因此，利用基因工程似乎是一种很有前途的方法。目前正在进行有关影响植物生长、发育和产量的基因的研究。这些基因编码的蛋白质和 miRNA 参与各种过程，如生长调节、同化产物运输和分配以及大量营养素的吸收和代谢。本文介绍了可能成为基因工程目标的基因的主要研究方向，旨在提高植物的生产力。
