Sigvardsen Casper M, Richter Michael M, Engelbeen Sarah, Kleinert Maximilian, Richter Erik A
Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Jun;36(6):591-601. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.09.002. Epub 2024 Oct 29.
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. Despite its identification over 20 years ago, the functions of GDF15 remain complex and not fully elucidated. Its concentration in plasma varies widely depending on the physiological and pathophysiological state of the organism. GDF15 has been described to regulate food intake and insulin sensitivity in rodents via the GDNF family receptor α-like (GFRAL) receptor, and to be elevated in pregnancy and many disease states and decreased in physically fit individuals. We discuss the latest developments in the regulation of GDF15 secretion and its diverse physiological effects, and touch upon possible GFRAL-independent effects of GDF15. In addition, we discuss the effects of proteins and peptides derived from the same precursor protein as GDF15.
生长分化因子15（GDF15）是转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）超家族的成员。尽管它在20多年前就已被发现，但其功能仍然复杂且尚未完全阐明。其在血浆中的浓度因机体的生理和病理生理状态而有很大差异。GDF15已被描述为通过胶质细胞源性神经营养因子家族受体α样（GFRAL）受体调节啮齿动物的食物摄入和胰岛素敏感性，并且在妊娠和许多疾病状态下升高，而在身体健康的个体中降低。我们讨论了GDF15分泌调节及其多种生理效应的最新进展，并探讨了GDF15可能存在的不依赖GFRAL的效应。此外，我们还讨论了与GDF15源自同一前体蛋白的蛋白质和肽的作用。
