Rodrigues Rodrigues Rafael, Alves Mariliana Luiza Ferreira, Bilhalva Miguel Andrade, Kremer Frederico Schmitt, Junior Clóvis Moreira, Ferreira Marcos Roberto Alves, Galvão Cleideanny Cancela, Quatrin Pedro Henrique Dala Nora, Conceição Fabricio Rochedo
Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - Campus Universitário, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil.
Instituto Federal Sul-Rio-Grandense, IFSul, Campus Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil.
Mol Biotechnol. 2024 Oct 29. doi: 10.1007/s12033-024-01303-6.
The group of large clostridial toxins (LCTs) includes toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB) from Clostridioides difficile, hemorrhagic and lethal toxins from Paeniclostridium sordellii, alpha toxin from Clostridium novyi (TcnA), and cytotoxin from Clostridium perfringens. These toxins are associated with severe pathologies in livestock, including gas gangrene (P. sordellii and C. novyi), infectious necrotic hepatitis (C. novyi), avian necrotic enteritis (C. perfringens), and enterocolitis (C. difficile). Immunoprophylaxis is crucial for controlling these diseases, but traditional vaccines face production challenges, such as labor-intensive processes, and often exhibit low immunogenicity. This has led to increased interest in recombinant vaccines. While TcdA and TcdB are well-studied for human immunization, other LCTs remain poorly characterized and require further investigation. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding lesser-explored toxins and proposes using immunoinformatics to identify their immunodominant regions. By mapping these regions using silico tools and considering their homology with TcdA and TcdB, the study aims to guide future research in veterinary vaccinology. It also explores alternatives to overcome the limitations of conventional and recombinant vaccines, offering guidelines for developing more effective vaccination strategies against severe infections in animals.
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