中国上海 12 至 15 岁学童的错颌畸形和口腔健康相关生活质量的流行情况：一项横断面研究。

The prevalence of malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life among 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study.

机构信息

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, No.356, East Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China.

出版信息

BMC Oral Health. 2024 Oct 29;24(1):1315. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-05077-w.

DOI:10.1186/s12903-024-05077-w

PMID:39472886

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11523641/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Malocclusion is one of the three major oral diseases and may cause deterioration in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aims to determine the prevalence of malocclusion by gender and its impact on quality of life among 12- and 15-year-old children in Shanghai.

METHODS

This study summarizes the data obtained in the Shanghai Oral Health Epidemiological Survey conducted in 2019. Random cluster sampling was used to select students in Shanghai. A total of 1591 12-year-old children and 747 15-year-old children were included. Each student underwent an oral examination and completed a questionnaire. The Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) was adopted to measure the objective severity of malocclusion and Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP) was applied to evaluate quality of life of schoolchildren. Comparisons of COHIP scores were performed among different treatment needs and difficulties by t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).

RESULTS

No significant difference was found between genders except that the prevalence of deep overbite in 12-year-old boys (1.11 ± 0.95) was significantly higher than that in girls (0.93 ± 0.88) while the prevalence of crossbite among 12-year-old girls (26%) is significantly higher than boys (20%). Malocclusion in 15-year-old children was descended compared with 12-year-old. 15-year-old students demonstrates larger impact of malocclusion on oral health than 12-year-old group except self-image. Health impacts (COHIP) increase significantly as the malocclusion becomes severer except self-image in 12-year-old group.

CONCLUSIONS

In Shanghai, the severity of malocclusion in 15-year-old children was less than 12-year-old children. Malocclusion has greater influence on oral health of 15-year-old children than 12-year-old children. Severer malocclusion generally correlates with higher level of oral health impacts in schoolchildren.

摘要

背景

错颌畸形是三大口腔疾病之一，可能导致口腔健康相关生活质量（OHRQoL）下降。本研究旨在确定上海 12 岁和 15 岁儿童错颌畸形的流行率及其对生活质量的影响。

方法

本研究总结了 2019 年上海市口腔健康流行病学调查的数据。采用随机整群抽样方法选择上海学生。共纳入 1591 名 12 岁儿童和 747 名 15 岁儿童。每位学生均接受口腔检查和问卷调查。采用复杂性、结局和需求指数（ICON）评估错颌畸形的客观严重程度，采用儿童口腔健康影响量表（COHIP）评估儿童的生活质量。采用 t 检验和方差分析（ANOVA）比较不同治疗需求和困难程度的 COHIP 评分。

结果

除 12 岁男孩深覆颌（1.11±0.95）的患病率明显高于女孩（0.93±0.88），12 岁女孩交叉颌（26%）的患病率明显高于男孩（20%）外，性别间无差异。15 岁儿童的错颌畸形较 12 岁儿童有所下降。15 岁学生的错颌畸形对口腔健康的影响大于 12 岁组，除自我形象外。12 岁组除自我形象外，随着错颌畸形的严重程度增加，健康影响（COHIP）显著增加。