Saliya Sentayehu Admasu, Ashine Taye Mezgebu, Heliso Asnakech Zekiwos, Babore Getachew Ossabo, Birhanu Bethelhem, Hailu Awoke Girma, Sebro Sisay Foga, Ezo Elias, Begizew Selamawit Wondale
Department of comprehensive Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University, Hosanna, Ethiopia.
Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University, Hosanna, Ethiopia.
Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024 Oct 30;10(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s40842-024-00192-7.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. Despite the existence of national strategies to prevent potential complications, DM-related morbidities and mortality continue to rise in Ethiopia. Although studies have been conducted regarding dietary practices among DM patients in the country, there is a lack of in-depth understanding of the situation.
To assess dietary practices and associated factors among adult DM patients at academic tertiary-level hospitals in central Ethiopia in 2024.
A concurrent mixed-methods study was conducted from January 01 to 30, 2024, involving 420 adult DM patients. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique for the quantitative study. A purposive sampling technique was used to select sixteen participants for qualitative analysis. For the quantitative study, a self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and in-depth interviews were conducted for the qualitative part. Multivariate binary logistic regressions were used to assess the explanatory variables associated with dietary practice. A thematic analysis was performed for qualitative data.
Of 420 eligible participants, 406 (96.7%) participated in the study. The overall proportion of good dietary practices among participants was 172 (42.4%). Being female, residing in urban areas, having a family history of DM, and having good dietary knowledge were significantly associated with better dietary practices. From the qualitative analysis, two themes emerged "Living as before and not adhering to diabetic dietary recommendations" and "Barriers to adherence to effective eating practices."
Less than half of adult DM patients had good dietary practices. Sex, geographic location, family history of DM, and level of knowledge of diabetic diet were associated with dietary practice. Intervention programs on awareness creation and training to improve the dietary practice by stakeholders were recommended.
糖尿病（DM）是全球最普遍的慢性病之一。尽管存在预防潜在并发症的国家战略，但在埃塞俄比亚，与糖尿病相关的发病率和死亡率仍在上升。虽然该国已针对糖尿病患者的饮食习惯开展了研究，但对相关情况仍缺乏深入了解。
评估2024年埃塞俄比亚中部学术型三级医院成年糖尿病患者的饮食习惯及相关因素。
于2024年1月1日至30日开展了一项同期混合方法研究，纳入420例成年糖尿病患者。采用简单随机抽样技术选取参与者进行定量研究。采用目的抽样技术选取16名参与者进行定性分析。定量研究使用自填式结构化问卷收集数据，定性部分进行深入访谈。采用多变量二元逻辑回归评估与饮食习惯相关的解释变量。对定性数据进行主题分析。
420名符合条件的参与者中，406名（96.7%）参与了研究。参与者中饮食习惯良好的总体比例为172名（42.4%）。女性、居住在城市地区、有糖尿病家族史以及有良好的饮食知识与更好的饮食习惯显著相关。定性分析得出两个主题：“一如既往地生活，不遵守糖尿病饮食建议”和“坚持有效饮食习惯的障碍”。
不到一半的成年糖尿病患者有良好的饮食习惯。性别、地理位置、糖尿病家族史和糖尿病饮食知识水平与饮食习惯有关。建议利益相关者开展提高认识和培训的干预项目，以改善饮食习惯。
