Troyer Angela K, Shaikh Komal T, Baptist-Mohseni Natasha, Singh Arjunvir, Duncan-Kofman Jacob, Vandermorris Susan, Rich Jill B
Neuropsychology and Cognitive Health Program, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Clin Gerontol. 2025 May-Jun;48(3):528-538. doi: 10.1080/07317115.2024.2421876. Epub 2024 Oct 29.
Memory concerns are common among older adults. The Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ) is a well-validated participant-reported measure consisting of 57 items across three subscales assessing satisfaction with memory, self-perceived memory ability, and memory strategy use, respectively. Because short scales are often desired to accommodate clinical time constraints and reduce respondent burden, we created and evaluated 9-item versions of each subscale (MMQ-9).
In Study 1, we used an optimization strategy to identify subsets of items that maximized subscale reliability in a sample of 560 adults ages 50-90. In Study 2, we examined psychometric properties of the MMQ-9 in an independent sample of 638 adults ages 51-95.
Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity of each subscale met published criteria for good measurement properties. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the original factor structure. A hierarchical series of invariance models showed excellent fit, confirming robust measurement invariance across age, gender, and education.
The shortened MMQ-9 is a reliable, valid, and invariant measure of metamemory in middle-aged and older adults.
The MMQ-9 is a reasonable instrument of choice when brief yet psychometrically strong measures of participant-reported memory are required for clinical assessment of patients with memory concerns.
记忆问题在老年人中很常见。多因素记忆问卷（MMQ）是一种经过充分验证的由参与者报告的测量工具，由57个项目组成，分为三个分量表，分别评估对记忆的满意度、自我感知的记忆能力和记忆策略的使用。由于通常希望采用简短量表以适应临床时间限制并减轻受访者负担，我们创建并评估了每个分量表的9项版本（MMQ-9）。
在研究1中，我们采用优化策略，在560名年龄在50 - 90岁的成年人样本中确定能使分量表信度最大化的项目子集。在研究2中，我们在638名年龄在51 - 95岁的成年人独立样本中检验了MMQ-9的心理测量特性。
每个分量表的内部一致性、重测信度以及聚合效度和区分效度均符合已发表的良好测量特性标准。验证性因素分析验证了原始因素结构。一系列分层不变性模型显示出极佳的拟合度，证实了在年龄、性别和教育程度方面具有稳健的测量不变性。
缩短后的MMQ-9是一种可靠、有效且具有不变性的中年及老年人元记忆测量工具。
当临床评估有记忆问题的患者需要简短但心理测量强大的由参与者报告的记忆测量工具时，MMQ-9是一个合理的选择工具。
