Maglieri Veronica, Vantaggio Federica, Pilenga Cristina, Böye Martin, Lemasson Alban, Favaro Livio, Palagi Elisabetta
Department of Biology, Unit of Ethology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Zoomarine Italia, Torvaianica Pomezia, Rome, Italy.
iScience. 2024 Oct 2;27(10):110966. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110966. eCollection 2024 Oct 18.
Play is a widespread behavior present in phylogenetically distant taxa that, in its social form, relies on complex communication. Playful communication has been largely neglected in marine mammals. We focus on playful visual communication in bottlenose dolphins. The open mouth (OM) display was mainly emitted during social than during solitary play and occurred more frequently when the sender was in the receiver's field of view, suggesting that animals are attentive to the playmate's attentional state. Detecting an OM evoked the same facial display in the receiver, a result that strikingly matches with those obtained on cooperative social primates and carnivores. It is difficult to know whether such similarities derive from shared evolutionary pathways () or from evolutionary convergence (), as both have been suggested for play behavior. The pervasive presence of OM and rapid mimicry in the mammal phylogenetic tree indicates the relevance of visual mechanisms in shaping complex communication.
玩耍是一种广泛存在于系统发育关系较远的分类群中的行为，就其社会形式而言，它依赖于复杂的交流。在海洋哺乳动物中，好玩的交流在很大程度上被忽视了。我们关注宽吻海豚好玩的视觉交流。张嘴（OM）展示主要在社交玩耍而非单独玩耍时发出，并且当发出者处于接收者的视野范围内时更频繁地出现，这表明动物会留意玩伴的注意力状态。检测到一个OM会在接收者身上引发相同的面部展示，这一结果与在合作性社会灵长类动物和食肉动物身上获得的结果惊人地匹配。很难知道这种相似性是源于共同的进化途径（ ）还是进化趋同（ ），因为这两种情况都曾被认为与玩耍行为有关。OM在哺乳动物系统发育树中的普遍存在以及快速模仿表明视觉机制在塑造复杂交流方面的相关性。
