McGruer Victoria, Bhatia Anil, Magnuson Jason T, Schlenk Daniel
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-9800, United States.
Metabolomics Core Facility, IIGB, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-9800, United States.
Environ Health (Wash). 2023 May 30;1(1):32-40. doi: 10.1021/envhealth.3c00002. eCollection 2023 Jul 21.
Lecithotrophic fish embryos rely on finite maternally deposited yolk resources for early development. Toxicant exposure can disrupt the uptake of yolk resources with consequences for development. In this study, we investigate the impacts of altered yolk utilization on fish embryos using the cardiotoxic compound phenanthrene. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to a cardiotoxic concentration of phenanthrene beginning at 6 hpf (hours post-fertilization) until a maximum of 72 hpf. Embryos were stained with Oil Red O to visualize neutral lipids. We then used a nontargeted approach to profile lipids in 24 and 72 hpf embryos after phenanthrene treatment. To assess changes in lipid movement within the embryo, the yolk sac was dissected from the body at 24 and 72 hpf and analyzed separately from the body at 72 hpf. Overall, total metabolites were significantly reduced in the yolk sac, and staining for neutral lipids was reduced in the embryo body at 72 hpf. This result is consistent with significant reductions in triglycerides in both the embryo body and yolk, indicating a limited contribution of impaired cardiac function to lipid mobilization at the dose tested. Additionally, lysophosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylethanolamines were significantly increased in the 72 hpf embryo body. Bioinformatic pathway analysis indicated that changes to these lysophospholipids could be linked to a disease model associated with inflammation and neuron demyelination consistent with previously observed injuries to neuronal and eye development in fish embryos and larvae.
卵黄营养型鱼类胚胎在早期发育过程中依赖于母体有限的卵黄资源。接触有毒物质会干扰卵黄资源的摄取，从而影响发育。在本研究中，我们使用心脏毒性化合物菲来研究卵黄利用改变对鱼类胚胎的影响。斑马鱼胚胎在受精后6小时（hpf）开始暴露于心脏毒性浓度的菲，直至最长72 hpf。胚胎用油红O染色以观察中性脂质。然后，我们采用非靶向方法对经菲处理的24 hpf和72 hpf胚胎中的脂质进行分析。为了评估胚胎内脂质运动的变化，在24 hpf和72 hpf时将卵黄囊从身体上分离出来，并在72 hpf时与身体分开进行分析。总体而言，卵黄囊中总代谢物显著减少，72 hpf时胚胎体内中性脂质染色减少。这一结果与胚胎体和卵黄中甘油三酯的显著减少一致，表明在所测试的剂量下，心脏功能受损对脂质动员的贡献有限。此外，72 hpf胚胎体内溶血磷脂酰胆碱和溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺显著增加。生物信息学通路分析表明，这些溶血磷脂的变化可能与一种与炎症和神经元脱髓鞘相关的疾病模型有关，这与之前观察到的鱼类胚胎和幼体神经元和眼睛发育损伤一致。
