College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou ,Zhejiang 310058, China.
Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou ,Zhejiang 310030, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2024 Nov 12;58(45):20160-20171. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05913. Epub 2024 Oct 30.
China aims to actively control the contamination of globally concerning per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Evaluation of the current situation can provide a critical reference point for tracking the effectiveness of ongoing progress. Herein, we present the first comprehensive assessment of the spatial variations of 20 legacy and 54 novel PFASs in Chinese background soils in 2021. Novel PFASs were extensively detected in 98.4% of the samples, with 21 species being first reported, which greatly facilitated the appointment of diverse emission sources that aligned with local industrial structures. However, legacy PFASs still dominated the ∑PFAS profile (median 0.51 ng/g, 0.050-8.33 ng/g). The spatial heterogeneity of soil PFASs was positively driven by economic development and atmospheric deposition, enabling the establishment of predictive models to project the national distribution and temporal trends. Elevated PFAS levels were predominantly distributed in the more industrialized eastern and southern regions, as well as other coastal areas with greater precipitation. ∑PFAS in surface soils was estimated to increase by 12.9 pg/(g year) over 2002-2021, which would continue alongside economic growth, albeit with greater contributions from novel alternatives. Our work provides comprehensive baseline and predictive data to inform policies toward PFAS control in China.
中国旨在积极控制全球关注的全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）的污染。评估当前情况可为跟踪正在进行的进展的有效性提供重要参考点。在此，我们首次全面评估了 2021 年中国背景土壤中 20 种传统和 54 种新型 PFASs 的空间变化。新型 PFASs 在 98.4%的样本中广泛检出，首次报道了 21 种新型 PFASs，这极大地有助于确定与当地工业结构相匹配的多种排放源。然而，传统 PFASs 仍然主导着∑PFAS 特征（中位数为 0.51ng/g，0.050-8.33ng/g）。土壤 PFASs 的空间异质性受经济发展和大气沉降的正向驱动，从而建立了预测模型来预测全国分布和时间趋势。较高的 PFAS 水平主要分布在工业化程度较高的东部和南部地区以及降水较多的其他沿海地区。2002-2021 年间，表层土壤中∑PFASs 估计每年增加 12.9pg/（g 年），这将随着经济增长而继续增加，尽管新型替代品的贡献更大。我们的工作提供了全面的基线和预测数据，为中国的 PFAS 控制政策提供了信息。
