Zhao Changjie, Liu Huaqing, Cheng Dongle, Wang Yanlong, Hu Zhen, Wu Haiming, Xie Huijun, Zhang Jian
College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; Institute of Yellow River Delta Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Integrity, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; Institute of Yellow River Delta Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Integrity, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
Water Res. 2025 Jan 1;268(Pt B):122702. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122702. Epub 2024 Oct 26.
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread emerging contaminants in aquatic environments, raising serious concerns due to their persistence and potential toxicity to both human health and ecosystems. Treatment wetlands (TWs) provide a sustainable, low-carbon solution for PFAS removal by harnessing the combined actions of substrates, plants, and microorganisms. This review evaluates the effectiveness of TWs in PFAS treatment, emphasizing their role as a post-treatment option for conventional wastewater treatment plants. Mass balance analysis reveals that substrate adsorption was the primary pathway for PFAS removal from TWs, while plant uptake and subsequent harvesting treatments, as well as microbial degradation, contribute substantially to long-term PFAS removal. Comparisons of bioaccumulation factor (BCF) and translocation factors (TF) between wetland and terrestrial plants demonstrate that wetland plants are particularly effective at adsorbing long-chain PFAS and transferring them from roots to aboveground tissues. The diverse environmental conditions within TWs support varied microbial communities, facilitating the evolution of PFAS-degrading microorganisms. Wetland microorganisms demonstrate the capacity to break down PFAS through processes such as head group transformations (e.g., decarboxylation, desulfonation) and defluorination (e.g., elimination, reductive defluorination, hydrolysis, dealkylation). This review emphasizes the crucial role of wetland plants and microorganisms in the sustainable removal of PFAS in TWs, providing insights for the ecological remediation of PFAS-contaminated wastewater.
多氟和全氟烷基物质（PFAS）是水生环境中广泛存在的新兴污染物，由于其持久性以及对人类健康和生态系统的潜在毒性，引发了严重关注。处理湿地（TWs）通过利用基质、植物和微生物的联合作用，为去除PFAS提供了一种可持续的低碳解决方案。本综述评估了处理湿地在PFAS处理方面的有效性，强调了它们作为传统污水处理厂后处理选项的作用。质量平衡分析表明，基质吸附是处理湿地中PFAS去除的主要途径，而植物吸收及后续收获处理以及微生物降解对PFAS的长期去除有很大贡献。湿地植物和陆生植物之间生物累积因子（BCF）和转运因子（TF）的比较表明，湿地植物在吸附长链PFAS并将其从根部转移到地上组织方面特别有效。处理湿地内多样的环境条件支持了多样的微生物群落，促进了PFAS降解微生物的进化。湿地微生物表现出通过头部基团转化（如脱羧、脱磺化）和脱氟（如消除、还原脱氟、水解、脱烷基化）等过程分解PFAS的能力。本综述强调了湿地植物和微生物在处理湿地中可持续去除PFAS方面的关键作用，为PFAS污染废水的生态修复提供了见解。
