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孕产妇个人护理产品使用与母婴环境化学研究中的全氟和多氟烷基物质。

Personal care product use and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in pregnant and lactating people in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals study.

机构信息

Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.

Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.

出版信息

Environ Int. 2024 Nov;193:109094. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109094. Epub 2024 Oct 22.

DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2024.109094
PMID:39476594
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous chemicals routinely detected in personal care products (PCPs). However, few studies have evaluated the impact of PCP use on PFAS concentrations in pregnant and lactating populations.

OBJECTIVE

We investigated associations between PCP use and PFAS concentrations in prenatal plasma and human milk.

METHODS

We leveraged the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study to evaluate the contribution of PCP use on PFAS concentrations in prenatal plasma (6 to 13 weeks' gestation; n = 1,940) and human-milk (2 to 10 weeks' postpartum; n = 664). Participants reported frequency of use across 8 PCP categories during the 1st and 3rd trimesters, 1 to 2 days postpartum, and 2 to 10 weeks' postpartum. We used adjusted linear regression models to quantify percent differences and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals.

RESULTS

In 1st trimester pregnant people, we found higher use of nailcare products (≥once a week vs. never: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): 21 % [9.7 %, 32 %]; perfluorooctane-sulfonic acid (PFOS): 11 % [0.3 %, 23 %]), fragrances (daily vs. never: PFOA: 14 % [7.8 %, 21 %]; PFOS: 7.8 % [1.3 %, 15 %]), makeup (daily vs. never: PFOA: 14 % [5.8 %, 23 %]), hair dyes (never vs. 1-2 times during pregnancy: PFOA: 8.3 % [2.4 %, 15 %]), and hair sprays or gels (daily vs. never: PFOA: 12 % [5.0 %, 19 %], PFOS: 7.1 % [0.2 %, 15 %]) were associated with higher plasma PFAS concentrations. Similar results were observed for 3rd trimester PCP use and 2 to 10 weeks' postpartum human-milk PFAS concentrations. In addition, we also found that people using colored-permanent dye 1 to 2 days postpartum had higher Sm-PFOS (18 % [2.7 %, 35 %]), PFOA (16 % [4.3 %, 29 %]), and perfluorononanoic acid (17 % [3.6 %, 33 %]) postpartum human-milk concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results show that PCP use may be a modifiable source of PFAS exposure in pregnant and lactating populations. These results along with growing scientific evidence can help inform PFAS regulation and guide individual choices to reduce PFAS exposure.

摘要

背景

全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)是普遍存在于个人护理产品(PCP)中的化学物质。然而,很少有研究评估 PCP 使用对孕妇和哺乳期人群中 PFAS 浓度的影响。

目的

我们研究了 PCP 使用与产前血浆和人乳中 PFAS 浓度之间的关联。

方法

我们利用母婴环境化学物质研究(MIREC)来评估 PCP 使用对产前血浆(6 至 13 周妊娠;n=1940)和人乳(产后 2 至 10 周;n=664)中 PFAS 浓度的贡献。参与者在第 1 次和第 3 次妊娠期间报告了 8 种 PCP 类别的使用频率,产后 1 至 2 天和 2 至 10 周。我们使用调整后的线性回归模型来量化百分比差异和相应的 95%置信区间。

结果

在第 1 次妊娠的孕妇中,我们发现指甲护理产品(每周至少使用一次与从不使用:全氟辛酸(PFOA):21%[9.7%,32%];全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS):11%[0.3%,23%])、香水(每天使用与从不使用:PFOA:14%[7.8%,21%];PFOS:7.8%[1.3%,15%])、化妆品(每天使用与从不使用:PFOA:14%[5.8%,23%])、染发剂(从不使用与怀孕期间使用 1-2 次:PFOA:8.3%[2.4%,15%])和头发喷雾或凝胶(每天使用与从不使用:PFOA:12%[5.0%,19%],PFOS:7.1%[0.2%,15%])与更高的血浆 PFAS 浓度相关。在第 3 次妊娠期间的 PCP 使用和产后 2 至 10 周的人乳 PFAS 浓度中也观察到类似的结果。此外,我们还发现产后 1 至 2 天使用彩色永久性染发剂的人,其人乳中的 Sm-PFOS(18%[2.7%,35%])、PFOA(16%[4.3%,29%])和全氟壬酸(17%[3.6%,33%])浓度更高。

结论

我们的研究结果表明,PCP 使用可能是孕妇和哺乳期人群中 PFAS 暴露的一个可改变的来源。这些结果以及不断增加的科学证据可以帮助为 PFAS 监管提供信息,并指导个人选择以减少 PFAS 暴露。

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