Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Cognition. 2025 Jan;254:105988. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105988. Epub 2024 Oct 30.
Time has an immense influence on our memory. Truncated encoding leads to memory for only the 'gist' of an image, and long delays before recall result in generalized memories with few details. Here, we used crowdsourced scoring of hundreds of drawings made from memory after variable encoding (Experiment 1) and retentions of that memory (Experiment 2) to quantify what features of memory content change across time. We found that whereas some features of memory are highly dependent on time, such as the proportion of objects recalled from a scene and false recall for objects not in the original image, spatial memory was highly accurate and relatively independent of time. We also found that we could predict which objects were recalled across time based on the location, meaning, and saliency of the objects. The differential impact of time on object and spatial memory supports a separation of these memory systems.
时间对我们的记忆有巨大的影响。截断的编码导致对图像的“要点”的记忆，而在回忆之前的长时间延迟导致只有很少细节的泛化记忆。在这里，我们使用数百张从记忆中绘制的图像的众包评分，这些图像在不同的编码（实验 1）和保留（实验 2）后进行回忆，以量化记忆内容在时间上的哪些特征发生变化。我们发现，尽管记忆的某些特征高度依赖于时间，例如从场景中回忆的物体比例和对原始图像中不存在的物体的错误回忆，但空间记忆非常准确且相对独立于时间。我们还发现，我们可以根据物体的位置、意义和显著性来预测哪些物体在不同时间被回忆起来。时间对物体和空间记忆的不同影响支持这些记忆系统的分离。
