Draschkow Dejan, Wolfe Jeremy M, Võ Melissa L H
Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USABrigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
J Vis. 2014 Jul 11;14(8):10. doi: 10.1167/14.8.10.
Memorizing critical objects and their locations is an essential part of everyday life. In the present study, incidental encoding of objects in naturalistic scenes during search was compared to explicit memorization of those scenes. To investigate if prior knowledge of scene structure influences these two types of encoding differently, we used meaningless arrays of objects as well as objects in real-world, semantically meaningful images. Surprisingly, when participants were asked to recall scenes, their memory performance was markedly better for searched objects than for objects they had explicitly tried to memorize, even though participants in the search condition were not explicitly asked to memorize objects. This finding held true even when objects were observed for an equal amount of time in both conditions. Critically, the recall benefit for searched over memorized objects in scenes was eliminated when objects were presented on uniform, non-scene backgrounds rather than in a full scene context. Thus, scene semantics not only help us search for objects in naturalistic scenes, but appear to produce a representation that supports our memory for those objects beyond intentional memorization.
记住关键物体及其位置是日常生活的重要组成部分。在本研究中，我们将搜索过程中自然场景中物体的偶然编码与对这些场景的明确记忆进行了比较。为了研究场景结构的先验知识是否对这两种编码方式有不同影响，我们使用了无意义的物体阵列以及现实世界中有语义意义图像中的物体。令人惊讶的是，当要求参与者回忆场景时，对于搜索过的物体，他们的记忆表现明显优于那些他们明确试图记忆的物体，尽管处于搜索条件下的参与者并未被明确要求记忆物体。即使在两种条件下物体被观察的时间相同，这一发现仍然成立。至关重要的是，当物体呈现于统一的、非场景背景而非完整场景中时，场景中搜索过的物体相对于记忆过的物体的回忆优势就消失了。因此，场景语义不仅帮助我们在自然场景中搜索物体，而且似乎产生了一种表征，这种表征在有意记忆之外支持我们对这些物体的记忆。
