Vinayagam Sathishkumar, Sekar Kathirvel, Rajendran Devianjana, Meenakshisundaram Karthikeyan, Panigrahi Ashish, Arumugam Dhanush Kumar, Bhowmick Ipsita Pal, Sattu Kamaraj
Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University Centre for Postgraduate and Research Studies, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu 635 205, India.
The University of Trans-Disciplinary, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 064, India.
Acta Trop. 2024 Dec;260:107439. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107439. Epub 2024 Oct 29.
In recent days, in tropical and subtropical regions, secondary vectors of Anopheles mosquitoes are becoming more important in transmitting diseases to humans as primary vectors. Various molecular techniques have separated closely related Anopheles subpictus and Anopheles vagus mosquitoes based on their diversity with other mosquito species. Despite their widespread distribution, the An. subpictus and An. vagus mosquitoes, which carry Plasmodium in their salivary glands, were not considered primary malaria vectors in India. An. vagus mosquitoes are zoophilic and physically similar to An. subpictus. We intend to identify An. subpictus and An. vagus mosquito's sister species based on their Interspaced Transcribed Region-2 (ITS2). We isolated the midgut gDNA from each mosquito and used ITS2-PCR and Sanger sequencing to characterize the mosquito species. BioEdit software aligned the sequences, and MEGA7 built a phylogenetic tree from them. According to this study, the information gathered from these mosquito samples fits the An. subpictus species A form and the An. vagus Indian form. Furthermore, gut microbiome plays an important role in providing nutrients, immunity, and food processing, whereas mosquitoes' midgut microbiota changes their hosts and spreads illnesses. So, we used the Illumina sequencer to look at the gut microbiome diversity of An. subpictus and An. vagus mosquitoes using 16S rRNA-based metagenomic sequencing. Both mosquito species had an abundant phylum of Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Bacillota, Bacteroidota, and Actinomycetota in their gut microbiomes. Notably, both mosquito species had the genus Serratia in their gut. In the subpictus midgut, the genus of Haematosprillum bacteria was dominant, whereas in the vagus mosquito, the genus of Salmonella was dominant. Notably, current research has observed the Sodalis spp. Bacterial genus for the first time.
近年来，在热带和亚热带地区，按蚊的次要病媒在向人类传播疾病方面正变得比主要病媒更为重要。各种分子技术已根据与其他蚊种的差异，将亲缘关系密切的拟中华按蚊和迷走按蚊区分开来。尽管拟中华按蚊和迷走按蚊分布广泛，但在印度，其唾液腺中携带疟原虫的这两种按蚊并不被视为主要的疟疾病媒。迷走按蚊嗜动物性，在形态上与拟中华按蚊相似。我们打算根据它们的间隔转录区2（ITS2）来鉴定拟中华按蚊和迷走按蚊的姐妹种。我们从每只蚊子中分离出中肠基因组DNA，并使用ITS2-PCR和桑格测序来鉴定蚊种。BioEdit软件对序列进行比对，MEGA7根据这些序列构建系统发育树。根据这项研究，从这些蚊子样本中收集到的信息符合拟中华按蚊A种和迷走按蚊印度种的特征。此外，肠道微生物群在提供营养、免疫和食物加工方面发挥着重要作用，而蚊子的中肠微生物群会改变其宿主并传播疾病。因此，我们使用Illumina测序仪，通过基于16S rRNA的宏基因组测序来研究拟中华按蚊和迷走按蚊的肠道微生物群多样性。这两种蚊种的肠道微生物群中都有丰富的假单胞菌门（变形菌门）、芽孢杆菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门。值得注意的是，这两种蚊种的肠道中都有沙雷氏菌属。在拟中华按蚊的中肠中，血螺旋菌属细菌占主导地位；而在迷走按蚊中，沙门氏菌属占主导地位。值得注意的是，当前研究首次观察到了 Sodalis 属细菌。
