Lanham Nathan S, Ahmed Rifat, Park H Rachel, Geiger Bryanna, Ugulava Helen, Perkins Sidney J, Magrath Walker J, Rager Stephanie L, Reuther Katherine E, Jobin Charles M
Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY, USA.
Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2024;12(10):713-720. doi: 10.22038/ABJS.2024.77150.3565.
Moire Topography (MT) is a non-invasive technique that uses patterned light projection and has been used to qualitatively characterize scapular winging. The purpose of the present study was to quantitatively characterize scapular winging using a novel method of MT.
A total of 20 shoulders in ten healthy subjects were analyzed. The mean age for subjects was 27.9 ± 1.0 years and mean BMI was 22.8 ± 2.8. Two scenarios were used to simulate scapular winging: Group 1) the hand-behind-back (HBB) position and Group 2) weighted scaption after a muscle fatigue protocol. A calibration object was used to validate the MT method. This was followed by a use of a control object with known dimensions (OKD) to evaluate subjects. The measured height (z) of the OKD with MT, as determined by the known dimensions of the OKD, was then compared to the scapula winging in Groups 1 and 2. Scapular winging was characterized by measuring the height or prominence (z) of the scapula.
There were significant differences between the baseline scapular measurements and scapular winging measurements in both Group 1, 4.0 cm ± 1.3 (P=0.0004), and Group 2, 3.7 ± 1.6 (P=0.0178). Scapular winging was most prominent with the hand in the highest position on the back in Group 1 and at lower degrees of scaption (<60 degrees) in Group 2.
Quantitative characterization of scapular winging was achieved using a novel method using MT. Scapular winging was found at lower degrees of shoulder elevation. Future applications of this technique should focus on characterizing scapular winging in multiple planes in real-time and in patients with known shoulder pathology.
莫尔条纹地形术（MT）是一种利用图案光投影的非侵入性技术，已被用于定性表征肩胛翼状肩胛。本研究的目的是使用一种新的MT方法对肩胛翼状肩胛进行定量表征。
对10名健康受试者的20个肩部进行分析。受试者的平均年龄为27.9±1.0岁，平均体重指数为22.8±2.8。使用两种情况来模拟肩胛翼状肩胛：第1组）手背后（HBB）位置和第2组）肌肉疲劳方案后的负重肩前屈。使用校准物体来验证MT方法。随后使用具有已知尺寸（OKD）的对照物体来评估受试者。然后将通过OKD的已知尺寸确定的MT测量的OKD的测量高度（z）与第1组和第2组中的肩胛翼状肩胛进行比较。通过测量肩胛骨的高度或突出度（z）来表征肩胛翼状肩胛。
第1组（4.0 cm±1.3，P = 0.0004）和第2组（3.7±1.6，P = 0.0178）的基线肩胛骨测量值与肩胛翼状肩胛测量值之间存在显著差异。在第1组中，当手位于背部最高位置时，肩胛翼状肩胛最为明显；在第2组中，在较低的肩前屈角度（<60度）时最为明显。
使用一种新的MT方法实现了肩胛翼状肩胛的定量表征。在较低的肩部抬高角度发现了肩胛翼状肩胛。该技术未来的应用应侧重于实时在多个平面以及在已知肩部病变的患者中表征肩胛翼状肩胛。
