Mrozkowiak Mirosław, Stępień-Słodkowska Marta
Physiotherapy Practice AKTON, Warsaw, Poland.
Faculty of Physical Culture and Health, Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, Al. Piastów 40B blok 6, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022 Apr 2;14(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s13102-022-00448-8.
The lifestyle of children has a significant impact on the future health of the whole society. Therefore, health education, prevention and monitoring of health determinants is important at every stage of ontogenesis. This requires a thorough knowledge of the schoolchild's environment, perceived as a wide set of stressors, including not only genetic but also epigenetic factors. One of them is the issue of the correct and abnormal body posture at school and on the way there. The goal of the study was to show the influence of the weight of the back carried container with school supplies on body posture.
The research was carried out as part of a project that examined the impact of carrying weights, which are school supplies, by children on their posture. The research material consisted of data obtained from a group of 65 students (35 girls, 30 boys) aged 7 years. Body posture tests were carried out, using the projection moiré method in 4 positions: 1-habitual posture, 2-posture after 10-min of asymmetric axial load, 3-a posture after 1 min of the load removal, 4-a posture after two minutes of the load removal. Physical fitness was measured with the Sekita test. The obtained data were statistically analyzed.
The significance of differences between the 1st and 2nd measurements was analyzed to determine the impact of the backpack load and the correlation with physical fitness, and to study its influence on the value of the differences in posture features. Considering the differences in the volume of posture features among boys between the 1st and 2nd measurement, the Wilcoxon's rank test showed a statistically significant difference in the range of all analyzed variables, except for the torso bend angle to the right (KNT+), where no statistically significant change was noted. A statistically significant difference in the volume of all analyzed variables was observed among the girls.
Carrying school supplies on the back induces significant changes in the value of the features describing the body posture in the frontal plane. The greater weight of the container and carrying time, and intensity of physical effort is the greater the changes will be. Physical fitness has a various and sex-dependent influence on the value of changes in body posture features because of carrying school supplies. Among boys it significantly affects the asymmetry of the torso bend, shoulder height, the waist triangles height and width, whereas among girls it affects the asymmetry of the shoulders and the distance of the angles of the lower shoulder blades from the line of the spinous processes of the spine. Among boys the changes in the value of posture features are mostly influenced by endurance and speed, but strength, power and agility are of lower influence, whereas among girls only agility matters.
儿童的生活方式对整个社会未来的健康有着重大影响。因此，在个体发育的每个阶段，健康教育、健康决定因素的预防和监测都很重要。这需要深入了解学童的环境，该环境被视为一系列广泛的压力源，不仅包括遗传因素，还包括表观遗传因素。其中一个问题是在学校及上学途中正确和异常的身体姿势。本研究的目的是展示背着装有学习用品的背包的重量对身体姿势的影响。
该研究是一个项目的一部分，该项目研究儿童携带作为学习用品的重物对其姿势的影响。研究材料包括从一组65名7岁学生（35名女孩，30名男孩）获得的数据。使用投影莫尔法在4个位置进行身体姿势测试：1-习惯性姿势，2-不对称轴向负荷10分钟后的姿势，3-负荷去除1分钟后的姿势，4-负荷去除两分钟后的姿势。用关田测试测量身体素质。对获得的数据进行统计分析。
分析第一次和第二次测量之间差异的显著性，以确定背包负荷的影响及其与身体素质的相关性，并研究其对姿势特征差异值的影响。考虑到第一次和第二次测量之间男孩姿势特征量的差异，威尔科克森秩和检验显示，除了向右的躯干弯曲角度（KNT+）外，所有分析变量范围内均有统计学显著差异，该角度未观察到统计学显著变化。在女孩中观察到所有分析变量量的统计学显著差异。
背着学习用品会导致描述身体在额状面姿势的特征值发生显著变化。容器重量越大、携带时间越长以及体力活动强度越大，变化就越大。由于携带学习用品，身体素质对身体姿势特征变化值有不同的、与性别相关的影响。在男孩中，它显著影响躯干弯曲的不对称性、肩高、腰三角的高度和宽度，而在女孩中，它影响肩部的不对称性以及下肩胛骨角与脊柱棘突线的距离。在男孩中，姿势特征值的变化主要受耐力和速度的影响，但力量、爆发力和敏捷性的影响较小，而在女孩中只有敏捷性起作用。
