Sarker Dipto Kumer, Ray Pallobi, Dutta Ashit Kumar, Rouf Razina, Uddin Shaikh Jamal
Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School Khulna University Khulna Bangladesh.
East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA.
Food Sci Nutr. 2024 Sep 5;12(10):7108-7136. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4440. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Fenugreek () is a widely grown dietary herb in Asia, and its seeds are traditionally used for several diseases, including diabetes. The seeds and leaves possess a variety of compounds that play an important role in regulating their hypoglycemic effect. However, so far, no extensive systematic review exists on its antidiabetic effect, highlighting the molecular mechanisms and isolated compounds. The purpose of this review is to summarize the preclinical and clinical antidiabetic properties of fenugreek and its isolated compounds by focusing on underlying mechanisms. PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus databases were searched to retrieve articles until June, 2024. Preclinical studies demonstrated that the antidiabetic effect of fenugreek was mostly associated with enhanced glucose transporter type-4 (GLUT4) translocation and hexokinase activity, decreased glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities, inhibited α-amylase and maltase activities, protected β cells, and increased insulin release. Furthermore, few studies have reported its role as a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) modulator, 5'-AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activator, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor. Further clinical trials showed that fenugreek seeds improved blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles. This study highlights significant evidence of the antidiabetic effect of fenugreek and its isolated compounds; therefore, it could be a potential therapy for diabetes.
胡芦巴是亚洲广泛种植的一种食用草本植物，其种子传统上用于治疗多种疾病，包括糖尿病。种子和叶子含有多种化合物，这些化合物在调节其降血糖作用中发挥着重要作用。然而，到目前为止，尚未有关于其抗糖尿病作用、突出分子机制和分离化合物的广泛系统综述。本综述的目的是通过关注潜在机制，总结胡芦巴及其分离化合物的临床前和临床抗糖尿病特性。检索了PubMed、谷歌学术、科学Direct和Scopus数据库，以检索截至2024年6月的文章。临床前研究表明，胡芦巴的抗糖尿病作用主要与增强4型葡萄糖转运蛋白（GLUT4）易位和己糖激酶活性、降低葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶和果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶活性、抑制α-淀粉酶和麦芽糖酶活性、保护β细胞以及增加胰岛素释放有关。此外，很少有研究报道其作为胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）调节剂、5'-AMP激活激酶（AMPK）激活剂和二肽基肽酶-IV（DPP-IV）抑制剂的作用。进一步的临床试验表明，胡芦巴种子可改善血糖水平、胰岛素抵抗、胰岛素敏感性和血脂状况。本研究突出了胡芦巴及其分离化合物抗糖尿病作用的重要证据；因此，它可能是一种潜在的糖尿病治疗方法。
