Ghahari Ayda, Khosravi-Darani Kianoush
Bioprocess Engineering Department Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Tehran Iran.
Research Department of Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
Food Sci Nutr. 2024 Aug 28;12(10):8483-8492. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4377. eCollection 2024 Oct.
The formation of biofilm in different places and the failure to effectively remove it by the usual disinfection methods is due to its structure and the rich genetic resource available in it to deal with disinfectants. These impenetrable structures and diverse microbial genetics have caused biofilm pollution in different industries like the food industry, the medicine industry, the hospitals and the water distribution system, resulting in pathogenicity and reduction of industrial quality. An efficient way to deal with the resistant population of biofilm-forming microbes is the use of hurdle technology including enzymes and essential oils. Enzymes reduce the resistance of the biofilm structure due to degradation of its extracellular polymer matrix (EPS) by their abilities to break down the organic molecules, and then the essential oils weaken the cells by penetrating the lipid membrane of the cell and destroying its integrity; as a result, the biofilm will be destroyed. The advantage of this hurdle technology is the environmental friendly of both methods, which reduces concerns about the use of chemical disinfection methods, but on the other hand, due to the sensitivity of enzymes as biological agents also the expensiveness of this technique and the considerations of working with essential oils as volatile and unstable liquids should abandon the routine methods of applying this disinfectant to biofilm and go for the microencapsulation method, which as a protective system increases the effectiveness of enzymes and essential oils as antibiofilm agents.
生物膜在不同部位形成，且常规消毒方法无法有效清除，这是由于其结构以及其中可用于应对消毒剂的丰富遗传资源。这些难以穿透的结构和多样的微生物基因导致了食品工业、医药行业、医院和供水系统等不同行业的生物膜污染，造成致病性并降低工业质量。应对形成生物膜的微生物抗性群体的一种有效方法是使用包括酶和精油在内的栅栏技术。酶通过分解有机分子的能力降解生物膜的细胞外聚合物基质（EPS），从而降低生物膜结构的抗性，然后精油通过穿透细胞膜的脂质膜并破坏其完整性来削弱细胞；结果，生物膜将被破坏。这种栅栏技术的优点是两种方法都环保，减少了对化学消毒方法使用的担忧，但另一方面，由于酶作为生物制剂的敏感性以及该技术的昂贵性，再加上考虑到精油是挥发性和不稳定的液体，应摒弃将这种消毒剂应用于生物膜的常规方法，而采用微囊化方法，作为一种保护系统，可提高酶和精油作为抗生物膜剂的有效性。
