Wang Yan, Mulder Inge A, Westendorp Willeke F, Coutinho Jonathan M, van de Beek Diederik
Department of Neurology (Y.W., W.F.W., J.M.C., D.v.d.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Amsterdam Neurosciences, Neurovascular Disorders, the Netherlands (Y.W., I.A.M., W.F.W., J.M.C., D.v.d.B.).
Stroke. 2025 Feb;56(2):553-563. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.048137. Epub 2024 Oct 31.
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Thrombosis is the main pathological process of stroke and is therefore an important therapeutic target in stroke prevention. In recent years, with the development of endovascular treatment and therefore retrieving the thrombus for further investigation, evidence is accumulating that immune cells are inextricably linked to stroke pathogenesis. Circulating immune cells have been found to induce immunothrombosis, and they actively participate in the formation of the thrombus by promoting platelet recruitment and thrombin activation. Additionally, the formation of thromboinflammation leads to increased instability of atherosclerotic plaques. We review the concepts of stroke immunothrombosis and thromboinflammation and the effect of immune cells on vessel recanalization and patient outcome. In addition, we elaborate on the possible mechanism of immune cells being activated and participating in thrombosis in ischemic stroke.
缺血性中风是全球致残和致死的主要原因之一。血栓形成是中风的主要病理过程，因此是预防中风的重要治疗靶点。近年来，随着血管内治疗的发展以及能够取出血栓进行进一步研究，越来越多的证据表明免疫细胞与中风发病机制密切相关。已发现循环免疫细胞可诱导免疫血栓形成，它们通过促进血小板募集和凝血酶激活而积极参与血栓形成。此外，血栓炎症的形成会导致动脉粥样硬化斑块的不稳定性增加。我们综述了中风免疫血栓形成和血栓炎症的概念以及免疫细胞对血管再通和患者预后的影响。此外，我们阐述了免疫细胞在缺血性中风中被激活并参与血栓形成的可能机制。
