Shirahata Kyoko, Nishimura Shinobu, Lee Jong-Soo, Coel Rachel A, King Jennifer, Furutani Troy, Murata Nathan, Tamura Kaori
Department of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Science, College of Education, University of Hawaii at Mānoa.
Department of Marketing, College of Business Administration, Toyo University, Bunkyō, Japan.
J Athl Train. 2025 Mar 1;60(3):238-244. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-0310.24.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been speculated to prolong concussion recovery; however, the evidence regarding concussion recovery for individuals with ADHD is limited.
To examine the concussion recovery time based on ADHD status, sex, and age.
Cross-sectional study.
High school.
Nine hundred and thirty-five (female: n = 382, 40.1%) concussions, including 78 (female: n = 13, 20.0%) self-identified ADHD data, were analyzed.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): A Poisson regression was used to estimate the return-to-learn and return-to-sport recovery outcomes with 3 predicting variables: ADHD status, sex, and age.
The mean return-to-learn days of the ADHD and non-ADHD groups were 12.86 ± 10.89 (median = 11.0; interquartile range [IQR] = 8.0; 7.0-15.25) and 1.43 ± 8.39 (median = 9.0; IQR = 9.0; 6.0-14.0), respectively. The mean return-to-sport days of the ADHD and non-ADHD groups were 20.82 ± 15.25 days (median = 17.0; IQR = 9.0; 12.0-21.0) and 18.03 ± 11.42 days (median = 15.0; IQR = 10.0; 11.0-21.0), respectively. For return-to-learn, ADHD status (risk ratio [RR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.08, 1.24; P < .001) and female sex (RR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.17; P < .001) were significant variables for longer recovery, whereas age was not (RR = 0.995; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.01; P = .056). For return to sport, ADHD status (RR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.23; P < .001), female sex (RR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.11; P < .001), and younger age (RR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96, 0.99; P < .001) were all significant variables for longer recovery.
Health care providers must be aware of the elevated risk of prolonged concussion recovery among high school athletes with ADHD.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）被推测会延长脑震荡的恢复时间；然而，关于ADHD患者脑震荡恢复情况的证据有限。
基于ADHD状态、性别和年龄来研究脑震荡的恢复时间。
横断面研究。
高中。
分析了935例脑震荡（女性：n = 382，占40.1%），其中包括78例（女性：n = 13，占20.0%）自我认定患有ADHD的数据。
采用泊松回归来估计复学和恢复运动的恢复结果，有3个预测变量：ADHD状态、性别和年龄。
ADHD组和非ADHD组的平均复学天数分别为12.86±10.89天（中位数 = 11.0；四分位间距[IQR] = 8.0；7.0 - 15.25）和1.43±8.39天（中位数 = 9.0；IQR = 9.0；6.0 - 14.0）。ADHD组和非ADHD组的平均恢复运动天数分别为20.82±15.25天（中位数 = 17.0；IQR = 9.0；12.0 - 21.0）和18.03±11.42天（中位数 = 15.0；IQR = 10.0；11.0 - 21.0）。对于复学，ADHD状态（风险比[RR] = 1.16；95%置信区间[95%CI]：1.08，1.24；P <.001）和女性性别（RR = 1.13；95%CI：1.08，1.17；P <.001）是恢复时间较长的显著变量，而年龄不是（RR = 0.995；95%CI：0.98，1.01；P =.056）。对于恢复运动，ADHD状态（RR = 1.17；95%CI：1.12，1.23；P <.001）、女性性别（RR = 1.07；95%CI：1.04，1.11；P <.001）和年龄较小（RR = 0.98；95%CI：0.96，0.99；P <.001）都是恢复时间较长的显著变量。
医疗保健提供者必须意识到患有ADHD的高中运动员脑震荡恢复时间延长的风险升高。
