She Qiunan, Cao Yingmei, Zhou Yicong, Tan Yingming, Kan Aoran, Yang Jie, Yan Jinwu, Wu Jingjing, Liu Chuanxiang
School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China.
MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2025 Feb 15;327:125339. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.125339. Epub 2024 Oct 28.
The development of novel fluorescent probes for real-time detection of cyanides (CN) in environmental and biological systems has become a significant focus in chemical sensing. Particularly, ratiometric fluorescence sensing offers a unique method for precise and quantitative detection of cyanides, even under complex conditions. We report herein the design of a new ratiometric fluorescent probe for cyanides based on modulation of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) coupled with novel cyanide-induced nucleophilic substitution of aromatic hydrogen (SNArH). The target probe (R1) is developed by introducing coumarin fluorophores as FRET donors into a 3-nitro-naphthalimide acceptor, which is easily synthesized and exhibits a colorimetric change from colorless to faint yellow and a significant ratiometric fluorescence shift (Δλ = 114 nm) upon cyanide binding. A clear ratiometric signal at I/I was obtained, with a limit of detection of 5.69 μM. The sensing mechanism was confirmed through H NMR titration and LC-MS analysis. Additionally, R1-loaded strips were easily prepared, serving as a portable device for detecting CN with visible color changes. The probe R1 has been successfully utilized for real-time monitoring of cyanide in food materials and water samples. Importantly, fluorescence bioimaging studies in HeLa cells were conducted, demonstrating the probe's capability for ratiometric detection of exogenous CN in living systems.
开发用于实时检测环境和生物系统中氰化物（CN）的新型荧光探针已成为化学传感领域的一个重要研究重点。特别是，比率荧光传感提供了一种独特的方法，即使在复杂条件下也能精确、定量地检测氰化物。我们在此报告一种基于Förster共振能量转移（FRET）调制并结合新型氰化物诱导的芳氢亲核取代（SNArH）设计的新型氰化物比率荧光探针。目标探针（R1）是通过将香豆素荧光团作为FRET供体引入3-硝基萘二甲酰亚胺受体中开发而成，该探针易于合成，在与氰化物结合时呈现从无色到淡黄色的比色变化以及显著的比率荧光位移（Δλ = 114 nm）。在I/I处获得了清晰的比率信号，检测限为5.69 μM。通过1H NMR滴定和LC-MS分析证实了传感机制。此外，还轻松制备了负载R1的试纸条，作为一种具有可见颜色变化的便携式氰化物检测装置。探针R1已成功用于食品材料和水样中氰化物的实时监测。重要的是，在HeLa细胞中进行了荧光生物成像研究，证明了该探针在活系统中对外源氰化物进行比率检测的能力。
