Electrical and Computer Engineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Design Lab, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 31;14(1):26206. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-75025-9.
This paper proposes a smartphone-based method for measuring Blood Pressure (BP) using the oscillometric method. For oscillometry, it is necessary to measure (1) the pressure applied to the artery and (2) the local blood volume change. This is accomplished by performing an oscillometric measurement at the finger's digital artery, whereby a user presses down on the phone's camera with steadily increasing force. The camera is used to capture the blood volume change using photoplethysmography. We devised a novel method for measuring the force applied of the finger without the use of specialized smartphone hardware with a technique called Vibrometric Force Estimation (VFE). The fundamental concept of VFE relies on a phenomenon where a vibrating object is dampened when an external force is applied on to it. This phenomenon can be recreated using the phone's own vibration motor and measured using the phone's Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). A cross device reliability study with three smartphones of different manufacturers, shape, and prices results in similar force estimation performance across all smartphone models. In an N = 24 proof of concept study of the BP measurement, the smartphone technique achieves a mean absolute error of 9.21 mmHg and 7.77 mmHg of systolic and diastolic BP, respectively, compared to an FDA approved BP cuff. The vision for this technology is not necessarily to replace existing BP monitoring solutions, but rather to introduce a downloadable smartphone software application that could serve as a low-barrier hypertension screening measurement fit for widespread adoption.
本文提出了一种基于智能手机的血压(BP)测量方法,采用示波法。对于示波法,有必要测量(1)施加在动脉上的压力和(2)局部血容量变化。这是通过在手指的数字动脉上进行示波测量来完成的,用户通过用逐渐增加的力按下手机的摄像头来进行测量。摄像头用于通过光体积描记法捕获血容量变化。我们设计了一种新的方法,无需使用专门的智能手机硬件,通过称为振动计力估计(VFE)的技术来测量手指施加的力。VFE 的基本概念依赖于这样一种现象,即当外力施加到振动物体上时,它会被阻尼。这种现象可以使用手机自身的振动马达和手机的惯性测量单元(IMU)来再现。对三个来自不同制造商、形状和价格的智能手机进行的跨设备可靠性研究表明,所有智能手机型号的力估计性能都相似。在一项针对 24 名参与者的概念验证研究中,与经过 FDA 批准的血压袖带相比,智能手机技术在收缩压和舒张压上的平均绝对误差分别为 9.21mmHg 和 7.77mmHg。这项技术的愿景并非要取代现有的血压监测解决方案,而是要引入一个可下载的智能手机软件应用程序,作为一种适合广泛应用的低门槛高血压筛查测量方法。