Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
BMC Pediatr. 2024 Oct 31;24(1):695. doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-05164-5.
Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common motor-postural disorders in childhood. It occurs due to impairment in the developing brain-before, during, or after birth-and has a significant burden on the public health system. This study aimed to investigate the potential risk factors and detect the associated CP-related disorders.
This case-control study was conducted on 46 children with CP and 175 matched healthy children less than three years old who referred to the Children's Hospital, Tabriz, Iran in 2022. Then, a checklist related to the mother's medical history during current and previous pregnancies, a questionnaire related to perinatal factors of the newborn, types of CP, concurrent disorders, the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and Age and Stage Questionaire (ASQ) were completed. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) SPSS(-21 software by descriptive and analytical statistics consisted of Chi-square, Independent t-test, and Binary logistic regression.
Finally, 35 children with CP and 122 healthy children completed the study and were analyzed. The mean (standard deviation: SD) age of children in the CP group was 15.3 (6.2) and in the healthy group was 14.4 (6.6) months (p = 0.635). Spastic CP (82.9%) was the common type, and the most common prevailing form of the involved limb was quadriplegia (54.3%). The severity of the functional disorder in 39.3% of CP cases was at levels 4 and 5 (severe form). The most prevalent comorbidities were inability to walk (31.4%), speech delay (22.9%), epilepsy (11.4), and strabismus (8.6%). Children with CP had abnormal development in gross motor (82.9%), problem-solving (68.6%), personal-social (65.7%), fine motor (60%), and communication (54.3%). Moreover, duration of pregnancy (p = 0.023), birth weight lower than 2500 g (p = 0.002), problems in the current pregnancy [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) [95% CI]: 3.06 (1.87 to 8.54); p = 0.013] and problems in previous pregnancy ([aOR (95% CI): 4.8 (1.6 to 14.2); p = 0.005) were potential risk factors.
Due to accompanying movement, vision, and speech problems, especially high developmental disorders in children with CP, necessary measures to prevent the identified risk factors are very important.
脑瘫（CP）是儿童中最常见的运动姿势障碍之一。它是由于发育中的大脑在出生前、出生时或出生后受损而引起的，对公共卫生系统有重大负担。本研究旨在探讨潜在的危险因素，并检测相关的脑瘫相关疾病。
本病例对照研究于 2022 年在伊朗大不里士儿童医院对 46 名脑瘫儿童和 175 名年龄小于 3 岁的匹配健康儿童进行，然后填写了一份与母亲当前和以前妊娠期间病史有关的检查表、一份与新生儿围产期因素有关的问卷、脑瘫类型、并发疾病、粗大运动功能分类系统（GMFCS）和年龄和阶段问卷（ASQ）。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）-21 软件进行数据分析，包括描述性和分析性统计，包括卡方检验、独立 t 检验和二元逻辑回归。
最终，35 名脑瘫儿童和 122 名健康儿童完成了研究并进行了分析。脑瘫组儿童的平均（标准差：SD）年龄为 15.3（6.2）个月，健康组为 14.4（6.6）个月（p=0.635）。痉挛型 CP（82.9%）是常见类型，受累肢体最常见的流行形式是四肢瘫（54.3%）。39.3%的 CP 病例的功能障碍严重程度在 4 级和 5 级（严重形式）。最常见的合并症是无法行走（31.4%）、言语延迟（22.9%）、癫痫（11.4%）和斜视（8.6%）。CP 儿童在粗大运动（82.9%）、解决问题（68.6%）、个人-社会（65.7%）、精细运动（60%）和沟通（54.3%）方面发育异常。此外，妊娠持续时间（p=0.023）、出生体重低于 2500 克（p=0.002）、当前妊娠问题[调整后比值比（aOR）[95%CI]：3.06（1.87 至 8.54）；p=0.013]和以前妊娠问题[aOR（95%CI）：4.8（1.6 至 14.2）；p=0.005]是潜在的危险因素。
由于运动、视力和言语问题，尤其是脑瘫儿童的发育障碍较高，因此非常有必要采取措施预防已确定的危险因素。
