Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
University of Sherbrooke, Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2024 Dec 1;49(12):1622-1635. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0128. Epub 2024 Aug 21.
Resistance training (RT) promotes skeletal muscle (Skm) hypertrophy, increases muscular strength, and improves metabolic health. Whether changes in fat-free mass (FFM; a surrogate marker of muscle hypertrophy) moderate RT-induced improvements in glucose homeostasis has not been determined, despite extensive research on the benefits of RT for health and performance. The aim of this meta-analysis is to examine whether RT-induced Skm hypertrophy drives improvements in glucose metabolism and to explore confounders, such as biological sex and training parameters. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using variance random effects. Meta-regressions were performed for confounding factors depending on the heterogeneity (). Analyses from 33 intervention studies revealed significant within-study increases in FFM with a moderate effect size (within-studies: (effect size; ES = 0.24 [0.10; 0.39]; = 0.002; = 56%) and a tendency for significance when compared with control groups (ES = 0.42 [-0.04-0.88]; = 0.07). Within-study significant increases in glucose tolerance (2 h glucose: ES = -0.3 [-0.50; -0.11]; < 0.01; = 43%; glucose area under the curve (AUC): -0.40 [-0.66; -0.13] = 76.1%; < 0.01) and insulin sensitivity (ES = 0.38 [0.13; 0.62]; = 53.0%; < 0.01) were also apparent with RT. When compared to control groups, there was no significant difference in 2 h glucose, nor in glucose AUC from baseline in RT intervention groups. Meta-regression analyses failed to consistently reveal increases in FFM as a moderator of glucose homeostasis. Other mixed-effect models were also unsuccessful to unveil biological sex or training parameters as moderators of FFM increases and glucose homeostasis changes. Although Skm hypertrophy and improvements in glycemic control occur concurrently during RT, changes in these variables were not always related. Well-controlled trials including detailed description of training parameters are needed to inform RT guidelines for improving metabolic health. Registration and protocol number (Prospero): CRD42023397362.
抗阻训练（RT）可促进骨骼肌（SkM）肥大，增加肌肉力量，并改善代谢健康。尽管有大量关于 RT 对健康和表现的益处的研究，但脂肪量（FFM；肌肉肥大的替代标志物）的变化是否会调节 RT 引起的葡萄糖稳态改善尚未确定。本 meta 分析旨在研究 SkM 肥大是否会促进葡萄糖代谢的改善，并探讨混杂因素，如生物学性别和训练参数。使用方差随机效应进行了随机效应 meta 分析。根据异质性（）进行了混杂因素的 meta 回归分析。对 33 项干预研究的分析显示，FFM 有显著的研究内增加，效应量中等（研究内：（效应大小；ES = 0.24 [0.10；0.39]； = 0.002； = 56%），并且与对照组相比有显著增加的趋势（ES = 0.42 [-0.04-0.88]； = 0.07）。研究内葡萄糖耐量的显著增加（2 小时血糖：ES = -0.3 [-0.50； -0.11]； < 0.01； = 43%；葡萄糖曲线下面积（AUC）：-0.40 [-0.66； -0.13] = 76.1%； < 0.01）和胰岛素敏感性（ES = 0.38 [0.13； 0.62]； = 53.0%； < 0.01）也随着 RT 而明显。与对照组相比，RT 干预组的 2 小时血糖和基线时的葡萄糖 AUC 无显著差异。荟萃回归分析未能一致揭示 FFM 的增加是葡萄糖稳态的调节因素。其他混合效应模型也未能揭示生物学性别或训练参数是 FFM 增加和葡萄糖稳态变化的调节因素。尽管 SkM 肥大和血糖控制的改善在 RT 期间同时发生，但这些变量的变化并不总是相关的。需要进行精心控制的试验，包括详细描述训练参数，以便为改善代谢健康提供 RT 指南。注册号和方案编号（Prospero）：CRD42023397362。
