Am Nat. 2024 Nov;204(5):E85-E98. doi: 10.1086/732110. Epub 2024 Sep 16.
AbstractFor species that partition resources, the classic expectation is that increasing resource diversity allows for increased species diversity. On the other hand, for neutral species, such as those competing equally for a single resource, diversity reflects a balance between the rate of introduction of novelty (e.g., by immigration or speciation) and the rate of extinction. Recent models of microbial metabolism have identified scenarios where metabolic trade-offs among species partitioning multiple resources can produce emergent neutral-like dynamics. In this hybrid scenario, one might expect that both resource diversity and immigration will act to boost species diversity. We show, however, that the reverse may be true: when metabolic trade-offs hold and population sizes are sufficiently large, increasing resource diversity can act to reduce species diversity, sometimes drastically. This reversal is explained by a generic transition between neutral- and niche-like dynamics, driven by the diversity of resources. The inverted resource-diversity relationship that results may be a signature of consumer-resource systems with strong metabolic trade-offs.
摘要：对于那些资源分隔的物种，经典的预期是资源多样性的增加会导致物种多样性的增加。另一方面，对于中性物种，例如那些平等地竞争单一资源的物种，多样性反映了新颖性（例如通过移民或物种形成）引入率与灭绝率之间的平衡。最近的微生物代谢模型已经确定了在多种资源分隔的物种之间存在代谢权衡的情况下，可以产生类似于中性的新兴动态的情况。在这种混合场景中，人们可能期望资源多样性和移民都会促进物种多样性。然而，我们表明，事实可能恰恰相反：当代谢权衡存在且种群规模足够大时，增加资源多样性会导致物种多样性减少，有时甚至急剧减少。这种逆转是由资源多样性驱动的、从中性到生态位样动态的一般转变所解释的。由此产生的资源多样性的反转关系可能是具有强烈代谢权衡的消费者-资源系统的特征。
