Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 Dec 5;480:136370. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136370. Epub 2024 Oct 30.
Triclocarban (TCC) is a widely used antimicrobial agent and known endocrine-disrupting chemical found in various products. While its potential toxicities on endocrine-related organs have been highlighted in previous studies, the effects of TCC on non-endocrine organs, particularly the spleen, remain largely unknown. Here, we employed a novel approach combining long-term TCC exposure in a mouse model with spatial metabolomics and lipidomics to investigate the effects of TCC on the spleen. Our results showed that TCC exposure significantly altered the splenic organ weight and coefficient and induced obvious pathological alterations. Omic analysis revealed that TCC exposure disrupted the splenic homeostasis, as indicated by the upregulation of glutathione metabolism, ceramide-to-sphingomyelin signaling and biosynthesis of glycerophospholipids. Notably, the data of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) revealed that TCC accumulated in the red pulp of the mouse spleen, while its metabolites concentrated in the white pulp. Further MSI analyses identified region-specific metabolic disruptions, including upregulated ceramide signaling in the red pulp, indicating localized inflammation, and upregulated glutathione metabolism throughout the spleen, suggesting widespread oxidative damage. Our findings provide crucial insights into the spatial distribution and biochemical impact of TCC on mice spleens, highlighting the potential risks of long-term TCC exposure to immune function.
三氯生（TCC）是一种广泛使用的抗菌剂和已知的内分泌干扰化学物质，存在于各种产品中。虽然之前的研究已经强调了 TCC 对与内分泌相关的器官的潜在毒性，但 TCC 对非内分泌器官的影响，特别是脾脏，仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们采用了一种新的方法，将长期 TCC 暴露在小鼠模型中，并结合空间代谢组学和脂质组学，研究 TCC 对脾脏的影响。我们的结果表明，TCC 暴露显著改变了脾脏器官的重量和系数，并诱导了明显的病理改变。组学分析显示，TCC 暴露破坏了脾脏的内稳态，表现为谷胱甘肽代谢、神经酰胺-鞘氨醇信号和甘油磷脂生物合成的上调。值得注意的是，质谱成像（MSI）的数据显示，TCC 在小鼠脾脏的红髓中积累，而其代谢物则集中在白髓中。进一步的 MSI 分析确定了区域特异性的代谢紊乱，包括红髓中神经酰胺信号的上调，表明局部炎症，以及整个脾脏中谷胱甘肽代谢的上调，提示广泛的氧化损伤。我们的研究结果提供了关于 TCC 在小鼠脾脏中的空间分布和生化影响的重要见解，强调了长期 TCC 暴露对免疫功能的潜在风险。
