Li Jiani, Zhao He, Yang Jing, Wang Meng, Cao Zhiwei, Wang Yunxiu, Gu Zhaowei
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
Department of Clinical Trial Ward, Clinical Trial and Conversion Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Dec;181:117655. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117655. Epub 2024 Oct 31.
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory disease of the nose that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Recent research has introduced the concept of an immunologic endotype based on the pathological characteristics of CRS and the types of inflammatory cell infiltration. This endotype concept is conducive to understanding CRS pathology and guiding further targeted therapy. Eosinophils and neutrophils infiltrate different proportions in different CRS endotypes and release extracellular traps (ETs) as a response to the extracellular immune response. The mechanisms of formation and biological roles of ETs are complex. ETs can trap extracellular microorganisms and limit the range of inflammation to some extent; however, excessive and long-term ETs may be related to disease severity. This review summarises and explores the mechanism of ETs and the advances in CRS research and proposes new insights into the interaction between ETs and programmed cell death (including autophagy, pyroptosis, and necroptosis) in CRS, providing new ideas for the targeted therapy of CRS.
慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）是一种常见的鼻部炎症性疾病，全球数以百万计的人受其影响。最近的研究基于CRS的病理特征和炎症细胞浸润类型引入了免疫内型的概念。这种内型概念有助于理解CRS的病理并指导进一步的靶向治疗。嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞在不同的CRS内型中以不同比例浸润，并作为对细胞外免疫反应的应答释放细胞外陷阱（ETs）。ETs的形成机制和生物学作用很复杂。ETs可以捕获细胞外微生物并在一定程度上限制炎症范围；然而，过度和长期的ETs可能与疾病严重程度有关。本综述总结并探讨了ETs的机制以及CRS研究的进展，并提出了关于CRS中ETs与程序性细胞死亡（包括自噬、焦亡和坏死性凋亡）之间相互作用的新见解，为CRS的靶向治疗提供了新思路。
