Infectious Diseases Research Program, Providence Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA.
Center of Innovation in Long-Term Support Services, Providence Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA.
Nat Commun. 2024 Nov 2;15(1):9490. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53842-w.
Data evaluating effectiveness of XBB.1.5-adapted vaccines against JN.1-related endpoints are scarce. This nationwide test-negative case-control study within the US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System aims to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) of BNT162b2 XBB.1.5-adapted vaccine compared to not receiving an XBB vaccine of any kind against COVID-19 hospitalization, emergency department or urgent care visits (ED/UC), and outpatient visits. Between September 25, 2023 and January 31, 2024, effectiveness was 24-35% during a period of JN.1 predominance and 50-61% during XBB predominance across all outcomes. VE within 60 days of vaccination during the likely JN.1 period was 32% (95% confidence interval 3-52%) against hospitalization, 41% (23-54%) against ED/UC visits, and 31% (1-52%) against outpatient visits. Corresponding VE during the likely XBB period was 62% (44-74%), 52% (37-63%), and 50% (25-66%) by setting, respectively. Here, we show the importance of strain match to maximize the public health impact of COVID-19 vaccination.
评估针对 JN.1 相关终点的 XBB.1.5 适应疫苗效果的数据稀缺。本项在美国退伍军人事务医疗保健系统内开展的全国性病例对照研究旨在估计 BNT162b2 XBB.1.5 适应疫苗与任何类型的 XBB 疫苗相比针对 COVID-19 住院、急诊或紧急护理就诊（ED/UC）和门诊就诊的疫苗有效性（VE）。在 2023 年 9 月 25 日至 2024 年 1 月 31 日期间，在 JN.1 占主导地位期间，VE 为 24-35%，在 XBB 占主导地位期间，VE 为 50-61%，所有结局均如此。在可能的 JN.1 期间，疫苗接种后 60 天内针对住院的 VE 为 32%（95%置信区间 3-52%），针对 ED/UC 就诊的 VE 为 41%（23-54%），针对门诊就诊的 VE 为 31%（1-52%）。在可能的 XBB 期间，分别通过设置对应的 VE 为 62%（44-74%）、52%（37-63%）和 50%（25-66%）。在这里，我们展示了针对特定菌株进行匹配对于最大限度发挥 COVID-19 疫苗接种的公共卫生影响的重要性。
