Jiao Anqi, Headon Kathryne, Han Tianmei, Umer Wajeeha, Wu Jun
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Oct 27:168134. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168134.
The frequency and severity of wildfires have been sharply increasing due to climate change, which largely contributes to ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution. We conducted a systematic review focusing on the short-term relationships between PM attributable to wildfires (wildfire-specific PM) and diverse respiratory endpoints, with a comparison between the effects of wildfire-specific PM vs. all-source/non-wildfire PM.
A comprehensive online search for the literature published from 2000 to 2022 was conducted through PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and EMBASE. We applied search terms related to wildfire smoke and respiratory health outcomes.
In total, 3196 articles were retrieved, and 35 articles were included in this review. Most studies focused on the associations of wildfire-specific PM with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm (PM) with respiratory emergency department visits or hospitalizations, with a time-series or case-crossover study design. Studies were mostly conducted in the United States, Canada, and Australia. Positive associations of wildfire-specific PM with respiratory morbidity were observed in most studies. Studies that focused on respiratory mortality were limited. Females can be more vulnerable to the respiratory impacts of wildfire PM, while the evidence of vulnerable subpopulations among different age groups was inconclusive. Few studies compared the effects of wildfire-specific vs. all-source/non-wildfire PM, and some reported higher levels of toxicity of wildfire-specific PM, potentially due to its distinct chemical and physical compositions. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most studied diseases, and both were adversely affected by wildfire-specific PM.
To our knowledge, this is the first review that systematically summarized the associations of wildfire-specific PM exposure with adverse respiratory outcomes and compared associations of wildfire-specific vs. all-source/non-wildfire PM. Further investigations may add to the literature by examining the impacts on respiratory mortality and the effects of specific PM components from different types of wildfires.
由于气候变化，野火发生的频率和严重程度急剧增加，这在很大程度上导致了环境颗粒物（PM）污染。我们进行了一项系统综述，重点关注野火所致颗粒物（野火特异性PM）与多种呼吸终点之间的短期关系，并比较了野火特异性PM与所有来源/非野火PM的影响。
通过PubMed、科学网、Scopus和EMBASE对2000年至2022年发表的文献进行了全面的在线检索。我们使用了与野火烟雾和呼吸健康结果相关的检索词。
共检索到3196篇文章，本综述纳入了35篇文章。大多数研究采用时间序列或病例交叉研究设计，聚焦于空气动力学直径<2.5μm的野火特异性PM与呼吸急诊科就诊或住院之间的关联。研究大多在美国、加拿大和澳大利亚进行。大多数研究观察到野火特异性PM与呼吸发病率呈正相关。关注呼吸死亡率的研究有限。女性可能更容易受到野火PM对呼吸的影响，而不同年龄组中脆弱亚群的证据尚无定论。很少有研究比较野火特异性PM与所有来源/非野火PM的影响，一些研究报告野火特异性PM的毒性水平更高可能是由于其独特的化学和物理成分。哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病是研究最多的疾病，两者均受到野火特异性PM的不利影响。
据我们所知，这是第一项系统总结野火特异性PM暴露与不良呼吸结局之间关联，并比较野火特异性PM与所有来源/非野火PM关联的综述。进一步的研究可以通过考察对呼吸死亡率的影响以及不同类型野火中特定PM成分的影响来丰富文献。
