Roy Aaheli, Sukumar Gautham M, Madegowda Rajendra Kiragasur, Tamuli Gayatri, Pradeep Banandur S
Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Public Health, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Asian J Psychiatr. 2024 Dec;102:104282. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104282. Epub 2024 Oct 22.
There is a gap in tools specifically designed for assessing Intellectual Disability (ID) in Indian settings. To address this, the NIMHANS intellectual disability screening instrument (NID-Screener) was developed by the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences.
Ten non experts/language and ten experts rated face and content validity of NID-Screener respectively. Content validity was measured by Content Validity Ratio, Content Validity Indices (I-CVI, S-CVI) and Modified Kappa statistics. Construct validity was calculated by performing Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA) on responses from 275 parent(s)/guardian(s) of children and adolescents (6-17 years). Criterion Validity was tested against Brief Intellectual Disability Scale (BIDS) and Clinical Diagnosis by Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist. Kappa Statistics was used to calculate inter - method and inter-Rater Reliability. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess Internal Consistency. This study was approved by NIMHANS ethics committee.
Findings revealed that NID-Screener has good face and content validity (S-CVI/Average = 0.917). Criterion Validity was excellent (Kappa Value=0.862, p-value<0.001) when compared with BIDS. Sensitivity and specificity were found to be 84.7 %, 89 % respectively against Clinical Diagnosis. On EFA, only one underlying factor with Eigen value > 1 was identified (55.8 % of total variance). Kappa value was found to be 0.971 and 0.942 for inter- rater and inter -method reliability respectively(p-value<0.001). NID-Screener has good internal consistency [Cronbach's alpha = 0.841].
NID-Screener is a reliable and valid tool for screening ID among children and adolescents in India, facilitating its early detection through diagnostic assessments and subsequent interventions.
在印度环境中，专门用于评估智力残疾（ID）的工具存在缺口。为解决这一问题，国家心理健康和神经科学研究所儿童与青少年精神病学系开发了NIMHANS智力残疾筛查工具（NID-Screener）。
分别由10名非专家/语言专家和10名专家对NID-Screener的表面效度和内容效度进行评分。内容效度通过内容效度比、内容效度指数（I-CVI、S-CVI）和修正卡方统计量来衡量。通过对275名儿童和青少年（6 - 17岁）的父母/监护人的回答进行探索性因子分析（EFA）来计算结构效度。对照简易智力残疾量表（BIDS）和儿童与青少年精神科医生的临床诊断来测试效标效度。使用卡方统计量来计算方法间和评分者间的信度。使用克朗巴哈α系数来评估内部一致性。本研究经NIMHANS伦理委员会批准。
研究结果显示NID-Screener具有良好的表面效度和内容效度（S-CVI/平均值 = 0.917）。与BIDS相比，效标效度极佳（卡方值 = 0.862，p值<0.001）。针对临床诊断，敏感性和特异性分别为84.7%、89%。在EFA中，仅识别出一个特征值>1的潜在因子（占总方差的55.8%）。评分者间和方法间信度的卡方值分别为0.971和0.942（p值<0.001）。NID-Screener具有良好的内部一致性[克朗巴哈α系数 = 0.841]。
NID-Screener是印度儿童和青少年智力残疾筛查的可靠且有效的工具，有助于通过诊断评估和后续干预实现早期发现。
