Liu Xiaoxia, Ali Shahzad, Yang Liyu, He Tao, Pang Gang, Shaik Mohammed Rafi, Assal Mohamed E, Hussain Shaik Althaf, Khan Mudassar Nawaz
Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Compound Condiment, Jinzhong, 030801, China.
Shanxi Provincial High Institutions Solid State Brewing Engineering Research Center, Jinzhong, 030801, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Oct 13;10(20):e39222. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39222. eCollection 2024 Oct 30.
The mechanism of irrigation models combined with fertilizer utilization strategies under the biodegradable film mulching could greatly promote crop photosynthesis, vascular bundles structure; resource utilization and maize production are unclear in semi-arid areas. Unfortunately, this mechanism provides a scientific basis for improving irrigation and fertilizer utilization. A field study was carried out during 2021-2022 years. Seven treatments were established: two nitrogen levels: low-N (150 kg N ha) and high-N (300 kg N ha) combined with three different irrigation models: drip irrigation (DI), ridge irrigation (RI) and border irrigation (BI) under the biodegradable film mulching with (CK) treatment have no irrigation, fertilizer and mulching. Our results revealed that DIH treatment considerably increased soil water storage, enhanced photosynthesis rate (Pn) of maize by mainly to facilitate stomatal opening compared to the rest of all treatments. In addition, it also enhances the differentiation of the vascular bundle system and maintains its post silk function under better environmental conditions, greatly improving nitrogen storage in soil and plants, and enhancing maize productivity. DIH and RIH treatments significantly increased net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), and effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (qP), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and yield were observed, but evapotranspiration (ET) decreased at different growth stages. The results showed that DIH treatment was an effective tillage strategy, which increased biomass yield by 32.6 %, grain yield by 46.0 %, water use efficiency (WUE) by 46.2 %, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by 86.4 % compared to other treatments. Given these results, thus we recommend the drip irrigation combined with a high-N level under a biodegradable film mulching increase photo-fluorescence efficiency, maize production and resource utilization efficiency in semi-arid regions.
在半干旱地区，可降解地膜覆盖下灌溉模式与肥料利用策略相结合的机制能极大地促进作物光合作用、维管束结构；资源利用和玉米产量尚不清楚。不幸的是，这一机制为提高灌溉和肥料利用提供了科学依据。在2021 - 2022年进行了田间试验。设置了七个处理：两个氮水平：低氮（150 kg N/ha）和高氮（300 kg N/ha），并结合三种不同的灌溉模式：滴灌（DI）、畦灌（RI）和漫灌（BI），覆盖可降解地膜，（CK）处理不进行灌溉、施肥和覆盖。我们的结果表明，与所有其他处理相比，DIH处理显著增加了土壤储水量，主要通过促进气孔开放提高了玉米的光合速率（Pn）。此外，它还能在更好的环境条件下增强维管束系统的分化并维持其吐丝后功能，极大地提高土壤和植物中的氮素储存，并提高玉米产量。DIH和RIH处理显著提高了净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、PSII光化学最大量子产量（Fv/Fm）、PSII光化学有效量子产量（ΦPSII）、光化学猝灭（qP）、非光化学猝灭（NPQ），并观察到产量增加，但不同生长阶段的蒸散量（ET）有所下降。结果表明，DIH处理是一种有效的耕作策略，与其他处理相比，生物量产量提高了32.6%，籽粒产量提高了46.0%，水分利用效率（WUE）提高了46.2%，氮素利用效率（NUE）提高了86.4%。基于这些结果，因此我们建议在半干旱地区，可降解地膜覆盖下滴灌结合高氮水平可提高光荧光效率、玉米产量和资源利用效率。
