Sabo Rastislav, Staroň Martin, Sabová Lucia, Jančo Ivona, Tomka Marián, Árvay Július
University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovakia.
Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Institute of Apiculture Liptovský Hrádok, Dr. J. Gašperíka 599, 033 01, Liptovský Hrádok, Slovakia.
Heliyon. 2024 Oct 11;10(20):e39282. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39282. eCollection 2024 Oct 30.
Honeybee venom is one of the natural substances produced by bees (). Their venom gland produces venom which plays a defensive role. In this study a concentration of macro and trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Sb, Se, Sr, Pb and Zn) in foragers' and honeybees' venom was analysed by axial inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) with good validation parameters to differentiate the element accumulation ability in honeybee venom. Cumulative ability for some elements (As, Al, Ba, Cr, Li, Mo, Pb, and Zn) in bee venom was clearly demonstrated. Oppositely, levels of macro elements (Ca, K, Mg and Na) in venom were several times lower compared to the levels detected in foragers. Moreover, PCA analysis of bee samples showed that Cr was associated with locality Košice, and Cd with locality Krompachy; both have rich industrial history. Since some of analysed elements are potentially toxic for humans, a risk assessment for bee-stung scenario was also calculated. A new way of exposure to potentially toxic elements via honeybee stung was showed in this study. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment for humans to selected toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb) demonstrated acceptable risk and moreover the same we may conclude for potential carcinogenic risk for beekeepers exposed to As, Cd, Ni, and Pb via venom over their whole life.
蜜蜂毒液是蜜蜂产生的天然物质之一。它们的毒腺产生具有防御作用的毒液。在本研究中，采用轴向电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP OES）分析了工蜂和蜜蜂毒液中常量和微量元素（银、铝、砷、钡、钙、镉、钴、铬、铜、铁、钾、锂、镁、锰、钼、钠、镍、锑、硒、锶、铅和锌）的浓度，该方法具有良好的验证参数，以区分蜜蜂毒液中元素的积累能力。明确证明了蜜蜂毒液中某些元素（砷、铝、钡、铬、锂、钼、铅和锌）的累积能力。相反，毒液中常量元素（钙、钾、镁和钠）的含量比在工蜂中检测到的含量低几倍。此外，对蜜蜂样本的主成分分析表明，铬与科希策地区有关，镉与克龙帕希地区有关；这两个地区都有丰富的工业历史。由于部分分析元素对人类具有潜在毒性，因此还计算了蜜蜂蜇伤情况下的风险评估。本研究展示了一种通过蜜蜂蜇伤接触潜在有毒元素的新途径。对人类接触选定有毒元素（砷、镉、铬、镍和铅）的非致癌风险评估显示风险可接受，而且对于终生通过毒液接触砷、镉、镍和铅的养蜂人，其潜在致癌风险我们也可得出相同结论。
