Hamzah Moh, Qadariyah Lailatul, Purniawan Agung, Hidayat Ade Sholeh, Chitraningrum Nidya, Taufany Fadlilatul
Chemical Engineering Departement, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, 60111 Surabaya, Indonesia.
The National Research and Innovation Agency, 15310 South Tangerang, Indonesia.
ACS Omega. 2024 Oct 16;9(43):43513-43522. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05105. eCollection 2024 Oct 29.
Composite-based bipolar plates are a chance to substitute graphite and metal bipolar plates because of their corrosion resistance and better chemical and mechanical properties, but they still have various electrical conductivity properties. One of the problems is the loading of filler that depends on matrix types which will affect the electrical conductivity of bipolar plates; ebonite has potential as a matrix in composite bipolar plates because it is obtained from elastomer or rubber. In this work, nickel and carbon nanotubes (CNT) that have a high electrical conductivity will be investigated as additive fillers on graphite particles to enhance the electrical conductivity of ebonite bipolar plates. The formulation and characterization of ebonite bipolar plates with graphite and graphite Ni/CNT and their various contents are the main objectives of this research. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for identification and morphology of compounds and ebonite bipolar plates and Raman spectroscopy for identification of the type carbon in Ni/CNT was performed. Some tests such as bending/flexural tests, corrosion tests, and resistance testing for interfacial contact resistance were conducted to study the properties and optimum of the composite materials. In this research, Ni/CNT particles were added as additive fillers with graphite to enhance the electrical conductivity of fillers in ebonite bipolar plates of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells and their impacts were studied. By through-plane testing, graphite fillers were added in ebonite bipolar plates with 65-75% w/w content, achieving electrical conductivity values from 22.3 to 34 S/cm. This is still below the technical target set by the US DOE for composite bipolar plates. But by adding 30% Ni/CNT filler contents in ebonite bipolar plates at various filler contents from 65% to 75% w/w, one can achieve electrical conductivities from 104.35 to 165.52 S/cm. Only 65% w/w filler with 30% Ni/CNT can meet the technical targets such as a bending/flexural test value of 25.58 N/mm, a corrosion test value of 0.894 μA/cm ( ), and an interfacial contact resistance value of 3.09 mΩ cm. Further improvements are needed based on fuel cell applications, as indicated by some additional data that did not meet technical targets.
基于复合材料的双极板因其耐腐蚀性以及更好的化学和机械性能，成为替代石墨和金属双极板的一个契机，但它们仍具有各种不同的导电性能。其中一个问题是填料的负载量取决于基体类型，这会影响双极板的导电性；硬质橡胶作为复合双极板的基体具有潜力，因为它是由弹性体或橡胶制成的。在这项工作中，将研究具有高导电性的镍和碳纳米管（CNT）作为石墨颗粒上的添加剂填料，以提高硬质橡胶双极板的导电性。本研究的主要目标是对含有石墨以及石墨 - 镍/碳纳米管及其不同含量的硬质橡胶双极板进行配方设计和表征。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对化合物和硬质橡胶双极板进行鉴定和形态表征，并通过拉曼光谱对镍/碳纳米管中的碳类型进行鉴定。进行了一些测试，如弯曲/挠曲测试、腐蚀测试以及界面接触电阻的电阻测试，以研究复合材料的性能及最佳性能。在本研究中，添加镍/碳纳米管颗粒作为石墨的添加剂填料，以提高质子交换膜燃料电池硬质橡胶双极板中填料的导电性，并研究其影响。通过面内测试，在硬质橡胶双极板中添加含量为65 - 75% w/w的石墨填料，电导率值达到22.3至34 S/cm。这仍低于美国能源部为复合双极板设定的技术目标。但是，在含量为65%至75% w/w的不同填料含量的硬质橡胶双极板中添加30%的镍/碳纳米管填料，可以实现104.35至165.52 S/cm的电导率。只有含30%镍/碳纳米管的65% w/w填料能满足技术目标，如弯曲/挠曲测试值为25.58 N/mm、腐蚀测试值为0.894 μA/cm（ ）以及界面接触电阻值为3.09 mΩ·cm。正如一些未达到技术目标的额外数据所示，基于燃料电池应用还需要进一步改进。
