Khoury Marianne H, Hershey Sims, LeLeiko Rebecca M
Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN.
US Cardiol. 2024 Jul 3;18:e08. doi: 10.15420/usc.2023.03. eCollection 2024.
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory vascular disease that was once underrecognized and is significantly more prevalent in women than men. Although it most commonly affects the renal and extracranial carotid arteries, FMD can affect any vascular bed. Complications of FMD can include hypertension, dissection, and stroke. Presentation may vary between the sexes, with male patients having an increased frequency of arterial dissection and aneurysms compared with female patients. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion by the treating physician. Several imaging studies can assist with diagnosis, and treatment focuses on the monitoring of affected vessels and intervention only as needed. Antiplatelet therapy for prevention of thrombotic complications is recommended. Studies are still underway to examine the genetic underpinnings of FMD pathophysiology and to evaluate the underlying mechanism of this disease that affects more female than male patients.
纤维肌发育不良（FMD）是一种非动脉粥样硬化、非炎症性血管疾病，曾经未得到充分认识，且在女性中的患病率明显高于男性。尽管它最常累及肾动脉和颅外颈动脉，但FMD可累及任何血管床。FMD的并发症可包括高血压、动脉夹层和中风。男女临床表现可能有所不同，男性患者动脉夹层和动脉瘤的发生率高于女性患者。诊断需要主治医生有高度的怀疑指数。几项影像学检查有助于诊断，治疗重点是监测受影响的血管，仅在必要时进行干预。建议使用抗血小板治疗预防血栓形成并发症。目前仍在进行研究，以探究FMD病理生理学的遗传基础，并评估这种女性患者多于男性患者的疾病的潜在机制。
