Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Research Institute of the National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa City, Saitama Japan.
PLoS One. 2024 Nov 4;19(11):e0310129. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310129. eCollection 2024.
The role of the extended amygdala and amygdala in mediating emotion and inhibitory control in native language versus second language processing is currently not well understood. The current study examined activity in the extended amygdala and amygdala when twelve healthy young adults were exposed to emotional-linguistic stimuli in either their native language (i.e., Japanese) or in a second language (i.e., English) using a go/no-go task while undergoing fMRI scans. Data was bootstrapped using random resampling. A significant interaction was observed for the amygdala and extended amygdala activity for language (English vs. Japanese), emotional-linguistic valence (positive, negative, neutral) and inhibitory control (go/no-go condition). Furthermore, main effects were observed for language and valence for the amygdala and extended amygdala. Main effects were observed for inhibitory control for the extended amygdala and right amygdala but not for the left amygdala, which did not show a main effect for inhibitory control. Significant interactions and main effects were also observed for behavioral outcomes (go/no-go reaction time and accuracy scores) for the amygdala and extended amygdala. Post hoc analyses found that under conditions of inhibitory control participants had less activation in the extended amygdala and amygdala when processing emotional information in English (i.e., second language) compared to Japanese (i.e., native language). In summary, our findings suggest that the amygdala and extended amygdala may mediate emotion and inhibitory control when participants process information in their native (Japanese) versus a second language (English).
目前，对于扩展杏仁核和杏仁核在母语与第二语言处理中调节情绪和抑制控制的作用，人们还不太了解。本研究使用 Go/No-Go 任务，在 fMRI 扫描过程中，当 12 名健康的年轻成年人接触到母语（即日语）或第二语言（即英语）的情绪语言刺激时，检查了扩展杏仁核和杏仁核的活动。数据使用随机重采样进行引导。观察到杏仁核和扩展杏仁核的活动对于语言（英语与日语）、情绪语言效价（积极、消极、中性）和抑制控制（Go/No-Go 条件）存在显著的交互作用。此外，对于杏仁核和扩展杏仁核，语言和效价存在显著的主效应。对于扩展杏仁核和右杏仁核，抑制控制存在显著的主效应，但对于左杏仁核则不存在，左杏仁核没有显示出抑制控制的主效应。对于杏仁核和扩展杏仁核，行为结果（Go/No-Go 反应时间和准确率得分）也观察到了显著的交互作用和主效应。事后分析发现，在抑制控制条件下，当参与者用英语（即第二语言）处理情绪信息时，扩展杏仁核和杏仁核的活动减少，而用日语（即母语）处理情绪信息时则没有这种情况。总之，我们的研究结果表明，当参与者用母语（日语）和第二语言（英语）处理信息时，杏仁核和扩展杏仁核可能会调节情绪和抑制控制。
