Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2024 Nov 4;19(11):e0309072. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309072. eCollection 2024.
Patient-derived organoids provide a unique model system to explore disease-causing mutations ex vivo. By using organoids from duodenal or colonic biopsies of pediatric patients with intestinal epithelial disorders, we can directly assay the patient cells to tailor treatment to their unique disease state. The advent of organoid technology from patients with severe intestinal disorders such as Congenital Diarrhea Enteropathies (CoDE) and Very-Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease (VEO-IBD) has allowed for rapid advances in the understanding of and the treatment of these monogenic disorders. Still, the expansion of these lines for scalable studies is not trivial, and success rates of expansion are variable between groups, and even lab members within the same group. These protocols have been validated on patients with CoDE or VEO-IBD and age-matched control patients. Here, we present our recommended protocols for the cultivation of organoids from pediatric patients with CoDE and VEO-IBD. These protocols have been validated on organoids generated from the duodenum (duodenoids), ileum (ileoids), colon (colonoids) and iPSC-derived intestinal colonoids from pediatric healthy donors or donors with CoDE or VEO-IBD (Gwilt et al., 2023). Using our modified culture media, extended culture times from biopsy preparation and thawing frozen lines, gentle passaging techniques with the incomplete removal of the organoids from the matrigel, and modified monolayer protocols (Maeda et al., 2023; Maeda et al., 2022), we have been able to successfully culture and expand several lines for more than 5 years. The conditions and protocols used here provide a basis for reproducible phenotypes, scaling for larger functional studies on patient lines, and for reproducibility of results between several investigators. We provide a useful starting point and troubleshooting guidelines for the optimization of culturing organoids from any patient with novel disease pathology.
患者来源的类器官为探索体外致病突变提供了独特的模型系统。通过使用来自患有肠上皮疾病的儿科患者的十二指肠或结肠活检的类器官,我们可以直接检测患者细胞,根据其独特的疾病状态定制治疗方法。类器官技术的出现使患有严重肠道疾病(如先天性腹泻性肠病(CoDE)和早发性炎症性肠病(VEO-IBD))的患者的研究取得了快速进展,从而加深了对这些单基因疾病的理解并为其提供了治疗方法。然而,这些类器官系的扩展用于可扩展的研究并不简单,扩展的成功率在不同组之间甚至在同一组的实验室成员之间也有所不同。这些方案已经在 CoDE 或 VEO-IBD 患者和年龄匹配的对照患者中得到了验证。在这里,我们提出了从 CoDE 和 VEO-IBD 儿科患者中培养类器官的推荐方案。这些方案已经在从十二指肠(十二指肠类器官)、回肠(回肠类器官)、结肠(结肠类器官)和由儿科健康供体或 CoDE 或 VEO-IBD 供体衍生的 iPSC 衍生的肠结肠类器官中生成的类器官上得到了验证(Gwilt 等人,2023)。使用我们改良的培养基、从活检准备和解冻冷冻系开始的延长培养时间、从基质胶中轻轻传代类器官而不完全去除类器官,以及改良的单层方案(Maeda 等人,2023;Maeda 等人,2022),我们已经能够成功培养和扩展多个系超过 5 年。这里使用的条件和方案为在更大的患者系功能性研究中重现表型、规模化以及在多个研究人员之间重现结果提供了基础。我们为任何患有新疾病病理学的患者优化类器官培养提供了有用的起点和故障排除指南。