Analysis of the electrical conductivity and activation energies of bismuth titanate (BiTiO).

In this study, bismuth titanate (BiTiO) was synthesized from pure solid compounds and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrical properties were evaluated by measuring the electrical conductivity of BiTiO at various oxygen partial pressures (pO = 10 and 10 atm) and temperatures (450 °C-750 °C). The electrical conductivity behavior was assessed during the heating and cooling processes. The material activation energies were determined based on the heating curve, which displayed Arrhenius-type behavior and activation energy slope changes, which could be attributed to point defects. When the temperature was increased from 450 °C to 750 °C at oxygen partial pressures pO = 10 atm, the electrical conductivity increased by about 62.9 %, whereas when the temperature decreased from 750 °C to 450 °C, the electrical conductivity was reduced by 35.95 %. The electrical behavior of BiTiO was analyzed by establishing its electrical conductivity and chemical activity under different oxygen partial pressures and heating-cooling conditions can allow the synthesis of materials with attractive characteristics for electronic applications.