Shyaka Modeste Tuyisenge, Nzisabira Joselyne, Mfura Heritier, Tuli Shagun, Glynn Liam G
University of Global Health Equity, School of Medicine, Butaro, Rwanda.
University of Limerick, School of Medicine, Limerick, Ireland.
Adv Med Educ Pract. 2024 Oct 31;15:1041-1055. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S283642. eCollection 2024.
For more than a century, Hand hygiene (HH) has been known to be the most cost-effective hygienic method to minimize infection transmission and risk in healthcare settings. Even though 50% of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be prevented with proper HH, globally 7 per 100 patients from acute-care hospitals in high-income countries (HIC) and 15 per 100 patients in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) acquire at least one HAI during their hospital stay. Even though medical healthcare students do not have the primary responsibility of providing patient care, it is necessary to train, assess, and monitor HH as their interaction with patients could lead to an increased number of HAIs. By conducting this global scoping review, we aim to summarize the global trends surrounding the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of medical healthcare students regarding HH, and how it affects patient safety.
We followed the five stages of Arksey and O'Malley's Scoping Review Methodology. The literature search was done in three databases, specifically, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed. Original published research in credible journals in English conducted between 2012 and 2023 discussing HH amongst medical healthcare students all over the world were included.
Twenty-three studies were included in the final analysis. The overall knowledge of medical students regarding HH was low, with some studies reporting scores as low as 10.1%. However, the attitude towards HH was generally positive, with mean scores ranging from 55% to 93%. Notably, nursing students and females exhibited better attitudes and self-reported HH practices. Furthermore, studies indicated that providing training on HH resulted in an increase in positive attitudes towards and improved practices of HH.
By focusing on training and facilitating improved HH practices, future generations of doctors and nurses can contribute to minimizing HAIs and enhancing patient safety. Standardized approaches and comprehensive data collection are crucial for implementing effective HH interventions.
一个多世纪以来，人们一直认为手部卫生（HH）是在医疗环境中减少感染传播和风险的最具成本效益的卫生方法。尽管通过正确的手部卫生可以预防50%的医疗相关感染（HAIs），但在高收入国家（HIC）的急性护理医院中，每100名患者中有7人，在低收入和中等收入国家（LMIC）每100名患者中有15人在住院期间至少感染一种医疗相关感染。尽管医学医学生没有提供患者护理的主要责任，但有必要对他们进行手部卫生培训、评估和监测，因为他们与患者的互动可能会导致医疗相关感染数量增加。通过进行这项全球范围的综述，我们旨在总结全球医学生对手部卫生的知识、态度和实践（KAP）的趋势，以及它如何影响患者安全。
我们遵循了Arksey和O'Malley的范围综述方法的五个阶段。文献检索在三个数据库中进行，具体为EMBASE、科学网和PubMed。纳入了2012年至2023年期间在可信的英文期刊上发表的、讨论世界各地医学生手部卫生情况的原创研究。
最终分析纳入了23项研究。医学生对手部卫生的总体知识水平较低，一些研究报告的得分低至10.1%。然而，他们对手部卫生的态度总体上是积极的，平均得分在55%至93%之间。值得注意的是，护理专业学生和女性表现出更好的态度和自我报告的手部卫生实践。此外，研究表明，提供手部卫生培训导致对手部卫生的积极态度增加和实践改善。
通过专注于培训并促进手部卫生实践的改善，未来的医生和护士可以为减少医疗相关感染和提高患者安全做出贡献。标准化方法和全面的数据收集对于实施有效的手部卫生干预措施至关重要。
