College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
Lanzhou Agro-technical Research and Popularization Center, Lanzhou, China.
PLoS One. 2024 Nov 5;19(11):e0308706. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308706. eCollection 2024.
Knowledge on the variation of yield and water use efficiency under different mulching methods is important for guiding rained maize production in the Loess Plateau area. In this study, eight different plastic film mulching methods was established to analyze the maize growth, soil water content and soil temperature changes of dryland maize, and increase yield and water use efficiency (WUE). The field experiment was conducted in 2019, and eight treatments were set up, including a traditional flat planting without mulching (CK), ridge-furrow with ridges mulching black plastic film and furrows mulching straw (HJ), ridge-furrow with ridges mulching black plastic film and furrows bare (HL), ridge-furrow with ridges mulching liquid plastic film and furrows mulching straw (YJ), ridge-furrow with ridges mulching liquid plastic film and furrows bare (YL), ridge-furrow with ridges mulching biodegradable plastic film and furrows mulching straw (SJ), ridge-furrow with ridges mulching biodegradable plastic film and furrows bare (SL) and ridge-furrow with ridges bare and furrows mulching straw (NJ). Furthermore, the AHP-TOPSIS was employed to evaluate the optimal mulching method for maize. The results showed that compared with CK and NJ treatment, the soil water content and soil storage were significantly changes with other treatments in the reproductive period of maize. Among the six mulching methods, maize yield in HJ, HL, YJ, YL, SJ, and SL treatments were 46.28%, 61.95%, 70.30%, 51.02%, 52.02% and 53.53% significantly greater than CK treatment. In addition, dryland maize WUE was 66.53% and 84.01% higher in the YJ and YL treatments with ridges mulching liquid plastic film than in the CK treatment, respectively. The optimal treatments of economic benefits were YL and HJ. Through AHP-TOPSIS comprehensive analysis, the optimal mulching methods were YL and HJ treatment. Current field trials indicate that YL treatment could serve as a promising option to improve dryland maize yield, WUE, and reducing environmental risks in the Loess Plateau of China.
不同覆膜方式下产量和水分利用效率的变化知识对于指导黄土高原地区雨养玉米生产具有重要意义。本研究通过设置 8 种不同的覆膜方式，分析旱地玉米生长、土壤水分和土壤温度的变化，提高产量和水分利用效率（WUE）。田间试验于 2019 年进行，共设置 8 个处理，包括传统平作不覆膜（CK）、垄沟覆膜垄上黑膜垄沟秸秆（HJ）、垄沟覆膜垄上黑膜垄沟裸地（HL）、垄沟覆膜垄上液膜垄沟秸秆（YJ）、垄沟覆膜垄上液膜垄沟裸地（YL）、垄沟覆膜垄上生物降解膜垄沟秸秆（SJ）、垄沟覆膜垄上生物降解膜垄沟裸地（SL）和垄沟裸作垄沟秸秆（NJ）。进一步采用层次分析法-逼近理想解排序法（AHP-TOPSIS）对玉米最优覆膜方式进行评价。结果表明，与 CK 和 NJ 处理相比，其他处理在玉米生殖期土壤水分和土壤贮水量均有显著变化。在 6 种覆膜方式中，HJ、HL、YJ、YL、SJ 和 SL 处理的玉米产量分别比 CK 处理显著增加 46.28%、61.95%、70.30%、51.02%、52.02%和 53.53%。此外，垄上覆膜液膜处理（YJ 和 YL）的旱地玉米水分利用效率比 CK 处理分别提高了 66.53%和 84.01%。经济效益最优处理为 YL 和 HJ。通过 AHP-TOPSIS 综合分析，最优覆膜方式为 YL 和 HJ 处理。目前田间试验表明，YL 处理可作为提高黄土高原旱地玉米产量、WUE 和降低环境风险的一种有前景的选择。
