Dudwal Ramgopal, Jakhar B L, Pathan A R K, Kataria Alka, Gupta Gaurav, Kumarasamy Vinoth, Ali Haider, Pant Kumud
School of Agriculture, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India.
Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303329, India.
Heliyon. 2024 Oct 11;10(20):e39109. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39109. eCollection 2024 Oct 30.
Chilli, one of the most popular vegetables in the world is infested by many insect-pests and diseases. Fipronil, a phenylpyrazole class insecticide is used to manage insect-pests on chilli. The present study aimed to analyze the dissipation patterns and residual concentrations of the fipronil and its metabolites in chilli fruits during the Kharif season of 2020-21, in semi-arid environment. In the study, fipronil was applied to the plants twice, with a 10-day gap between treatments, using a 5 % suspension concentrate. The applications were undertaken using two separate concentrations the lower dosage of 40 g a.i. ha and higher dosage of 80 g a.i. ha. There were four sets of data for each concentration. The chilli crop was systematically sampled at predetermined intervals after the application of the second spray. The procedure encompassed utilizing the modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) technique for extraction and purification, followed by analyzing the resulting residues using Gas Chromatography Electron Capture Detector. Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry was subsequently conducted for the confirmation of the findings. The research revealed that the mean initial deposit of fipronil and its metabolites (desulfinyl, sulphide, and sulfone) at the authorized dosage was determined to be 0.574, 0.123, 0.031, and 0.180 mg kg, respectively. In contrast, when administered at twice the prescribed dosage, the mean first deposit was 1.204, 0.230, 0.067, and 0.382 mg kg. The half-life values of these residues exhibited a range of 1.2-4.1 days for both dosages. A prudent waiting duration was determined for the doses, leading to the conclusion that an average interval of 7 days is deemed safe for harvesting chilli peppers. The significance of this discovery is related to the maximum residue limits of 0.001 mg kg for fipronil in green chilli, as established by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. This study provides significant insights into fipronil's persistence and proper management in chilli plant cultivation, emphasizing the importance of following prescribed dosages and designated waiting intervals to ensure the safety of food products.
辣椒是世界上最受欢迎的蔬菜之一，受到许多病虫害的侵扰。氟虫腈是一种苯基吡唑类杀虫剂，用于防治辣椒上的害虫。本研究旨在分析2020 - 2021年雨季半干旱环境下，氟虫腈及其代谢物在辣椒果实中的消解模式和残留浓度。在该研究中，使用5%悬浮剂对植株施用氟虫腈两次，两次处理间隔10天。施用采用两个不同浓度，较低剂量为40克有效成分/公顷，较高剂量为80克有效成分/公顷。每个浓度有四组数据。在第二次喷雾施用后，按照预定间隔对辣椒作物进行系统采样。该程序包括利用改良的QuEChERS（快速、简便、廉价、有效、耐用、安全）技术进行提取和净化，然后使用气相色谱电子捕获检测器分析所得残留物。随后进行气相色谱 - 质谱分析以确认结果。研究表明，在法定剂量下，氟虫腈及其代谢物（脱亚砜基、硫化物和砜）的平均初始沉积量分别为0.574、0.123、0.031和0.180毫克/千克。相比之下，当以规定剂量的两倍施用时，平均首次沉积量为1.204、0.230、0.067和0.382毫克/千克。两种剂量下这些残留物的半衰期值在1.2 - 4.1天范围内。确定了剂量的谨慎等待期，得出结论：收获辣椒的平均间隔7天被认为是安全的。这一发现的意义与印度食品安全标准管理局规定的青椒中氟虫腈最大残留限量0.001毫克/千克有关。本研究为氟虫腈在辣椒种植中的持久性和合理管理提供了重要见解，强调了遵循规定剂量和指定等待期以确保食品安全性的重要性。
