计算成本:了解印度尼西亚残疾人生活的额外成本,以推动可持续发展目标框架内的包容性政策。

Counting the costs: understanding the extra costs of living with disability in Indonesia to advance inclusive policies within the SDG framework.

作者信息

Marlina Irma, Wibowo Ginanjar, Bastias Desi Dwi, Sijapati Basnett Bimbika, Prasetyo Dinar Dwi, Nasiir Mercoledi

机构信息

Center for State Budget Policy, Fiscal Policy Agency (BKF), Ministry of Finance, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion Team, Australia Indonesia Partnership for Economic Development (Prospera), Jakarta, Indonesia.

出版信息

Front Rehabil Sci. 2024 Oct 22;5:1236365. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1236365. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a multidimensional framework for monitoring progress on disability inclusion over time and among countries where reliable, disability disaggregated data is available. However, the SDGs alone do not provide insights into the causes of the social and economic disparities that people with disabilities face or offer specific policy solutions to alleviate them. This paper highlights the extra costs of living with disability in Indonesia to advance the country's commitment to further the rights of people with disabilities. It utilizes three primary estimation methods, combining an analyses of national survey data with primary data from interviews and focus group discussions. Findings reveal significant and varying costs based on disability type, severity and life cycle stages. It also highlights the unaffordability of these costs for most individuals with disabilities and their families. Leveraging these estimates, the paper proposes 'disability concessions' aligned with Indonesia's legal framework on disability inclusion, aiming to alleviate financial burdens through discounts across health, education, utilities and transportation. By contributing to methodological approaches in understanding extra costs of living with disability inclusion in emerging country context and promoting discussions on leveraging the results for disability inclusive policymaking, this paper supplements the SDG framework to foster disability inclusion.

摘要

可持续发展目标(SDGs)是一个多维度框架,用于监测不同时间以及在有可靠的、按残疾情况分类数据的国家中在残疾包容方面取得的进展。然而,仅可持续发展目标本身并不能深入了解残疾人所面临的社会和经济差距的成因,也无法提供减轻这些差距的具体政策解决方案。本文着重阐述了印度尼西亚残疾人的额外生活成本,以推动该国在促进残疾人权利方面的承诺。它采用了三种主要估算方法,将对全国调查数据的分析与来自访谈和焦点小组讨论的原始数据相结合。研究结果显示,根据残疾类型、严重程度和生命周期阶段,成本存在显著差异且各不相同。它还强调了这些成本对于大多数残疾人和他们的家庭来说难以承受。利用这些估算结果,本文提出了与印度尼西亚关于残疾包容的法律框架相一致的“残疾优惠”措施,旨在通过在医疗、教育、公用事业和交通等方面提供折扣来减轻经济负担。通过为理解新兴国家背景下残疾包容的额外生活成本的方法做出贡献,并促进关于利用这些结果进行残疾包容政策制定的讨论,本文对可持续发展目标框架进行了补充,以促进残疾包容。

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