Phiboonchaiyanan Preeyaporn Plaimee, Harikarnpakdee Saraporn, Songsak Thanapat, Chowjarean Verisa
Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand.
Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand.
Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci. 2024 Oct 28;2024:9288481. doi: 10.1155/2024/9288481. eCollection 2024.
Wound healing comprises an intricate process to repair damaged tissue. Research on plant extracts with properties to expedite wound healing has been of interest, particularly their ability to enhance the stemness of keratinocyte stem cells. Hence, the present study aims to determine the wound healing and stemness potentiation properties of an ethanolic extract derived from fruit pulp (PKE). Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and primary skin fibroblast cells were used in this study. The migration of the cells was examined by using a scratch wound healing assay, and spheroid behavior was determined by using a spheroid formation assay. The proteins related to migration and stemness were further measured by using Western blotting to explore the mechanism of action of PKE. The methods used to evaluate PKE's antioxidant properties were 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and superoxide anion radical scavenging (SOSA) assays. The phytochemistry of the PKE was investigated using phytochemical screening and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The results of this study indicate that nontoxic concentrations of PKE increase the rate of migration and spheroid formation. Mechanistically, PKE increased the expression of the migratory-related protein active FAK (phosphorylated FAK), and the subsequence increased the level of p-AKT. The expression of stem cell marker CD133, upstream protein signaling -catenin, and self-renewal transcription factor Nanog was increased. The PKE also possessed scavenging properties against DPPH, ABTS, and SOSA. The phytochemistry analyses exhibited the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, xanthones, triterpenes, and steroids. Additionally, bioactive compounds such as ɑ-tocopherol, riboflavin, protocatechuic acid, -carotene, and luteolin were detected. The presence of these chemicals in PKE may contribute to its antioxidant, stem cell potentiation, and wound-healing effects. The findings could be beneficial in the identification of valuable natural resources that possess the capacity to be used in the process of wound healing through the potentiation of stemness via a readily detectable molecular mechanism.
伤口愈合是一个修复受损组织的复杂过程。对具有加速伤口愈合特性的植物提取物的研究一直备受关注，尤其是它们增强角质形成干细胞干性的能力。因此，本研究旨在确定果肉乙醇提取物（PKE）的伤口愈合和干性增强特性。本研究使用了人角质形成细胞（HaCaT）和原代皮肤成纤维细胞。通过划痕伤口愈合试验检测细胞的迁移情况，并通过球体形成试验确定球体行为。通过蛋白质免疫印迹法进一步检测与迁移和干性相关的蛋白质，以探索PKE的作用机制。用于评估PKE抗氧化性能的方法有2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）清除法、ABTS自由基清除活性法和超氧阴离子自由基清除（SOSA）试验。采用植物化学筛选和高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析对PKE的植物化学成分进行了研究。本研究结果表明，无毒浓度的PKE可提高迁移率和球体形成率。从机制上讲，PKE增加了迁移相关蛋白活性FAK（磷酸化FAK）的表达，随后增加了p-AKT的水平。干细胞标志物CD133、上游蛋白信号β-连环蛋白和自我更新转录因子Nanog的表达增加。PKE还具有清除DPPH、ABTS和SOSA的特性。植物化学分析显示存在生物碱、糖苷、呫吨酮、三萜和甾体。此外，还检测到了生物活性化合物，如α-生育酚、核黄素、原儿茶酸、β-胡萝卜素和木犀草素。PKE中这些化学物质的存在可能有助于其抗氧化、增强干细胞和伤口愈合作用。这些发现可能有助于识别有价值的自然资源，这些资源能够通过易于检测的分子机制增强干性，从而用于伤口愈合过程。
