Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Process and Ecological Regulation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Process and Ecological Regulation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Dec;371:123147. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123147. Epub 2024 Nov 6.
Climate change, driven by excessive greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural land, poses a serious threat to ecological security. It is now understood that significant differences exist in the responses of soil GHG emissions and soil carbon (C) sequestration to the application of different C-based materials (i.e., straw, organic manure (OM), and biochar). Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms by which differences in the properties of these materials affect soil GHG emissions is essential to comprehensively investigate the mechanisms through which variations in material properties influence soil GHG emissions. Herein, we conducted a field experiment to evaluate the responses of soil GHG emissions to cropland application of different C-based materials and employed molecular modeling calculations to explore the mechanisms by which differences in the properties of these materials affect soil GHG emissions. The results showed that biochar demonstrated superior resistance to biochemical decomposition and soil GHG adsorption capacity, leading to a significant reduction in soil GHG emissions due to its excellent physicochemical properties. The active surface properties of straw and OM enhanced their interaction with decomposing enzymes and accelerated their biochemical decomposition. Wheat-maize rotation with biochar application reduced CO emissions by 1089.8 kg CO ha and increased soil organic carbon by 141.8% compared to the control after one year. Collectively, these results contribute to the optimization of cropland application strategies for crop residues to balance soil C sequestration and soil GHG emissions, and to ensure sustainable agriculture and ecological security.
气候变化是由农业土地过度排放温室气体（GHG）引起的，对生态安全构成了严重威胁。现在人们已经认识到，不同的碳基材料（即秸秆、有机肥（OM）和生物炭）对土壤 GHG 排放和土壤碳（C）固存的响应存在显著差异。因此，阐明这些材料性质差异影响土壤 GHG 排放的机制对于全面研究材料性质变化如何影响土壤 GHG 排放至关重要。在此，我们进行了田间试验，以评估不同碳基材料对农田土壤 GHG 排放的响应，并采用分子模拟计算来探讨这些材料性质差异影响土壤 GHG 排放的机制。结果表明，生物炭具有优异的抗生化分解和土壤 GHG 吸附能力，由于其优良的物理化学性质，导致土壤 GHG 排放显著减少。秸秆和 OM 的活性表面特性增强了它们与分解酶的相互作用，加速了它们的生化分解。与对照相比，生物炭的施用使小麦-玉米轮作在一年后减少了 1089.8 kg CO ha 的 CO 排放，并增加了 141.8%的土壤有机碳。总的来说，这些结果有助于优化农田应用策略，以平衡作物残体的土壤 C 固存和土壤 GHG 排放，确保可持续农业和生态安全。
