He Hao, Zeng Yiwei, Dong He, Cui Pengfei, Lu Wenduo, Xu Haiyu, Qiu Bin, Sun Dezhi, Ma Junyi, Dang Yan
Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
Beijing Drainage Management Center, Beijing 101117, China.
Water Res. 2025 Jan 1;268(Pt B):122739. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122739. Epub 2024 Nov 2.
Effective treatment of high-concentration brewery wastewater through anaerobic digestion (AD) has always been a challenging issue. Enhancing direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) was demonstrated to increase methane production during AD under high organic loading rate (OLR). Herein, the feasibility of enhancing DIET with the addition of riboflavin-loaded granular activated carbon (RF-GAC) as well as co-addition with Methanosarcina barkeri (Rf-GAC+M.barkeri) was investigated (M.barkeri is well-known to be capable of DIET with electroactive bacteria). During the whole process, the Rf-GAC and the Rf-GAC+M.barkeri group both achieved average COD removal rates above 97 %, which was 14 % higher than that of the control. The average methane production in the Rf-GAC group and the Rf-GAC+M.barkeri group respectively reached 0.334 ± 0.02 L(stp)/g COD and 0.345 ± 0.02 L(stp)/g COD, 1.35 and 1.39 times higher than the 0.247 ± 0.03 L(stp)/g COD reached by the control. The control reactor deteriorated at an OLR of 12 kg COD/(m·d), whereas the Rf-GAC and the Rf-GAC+M.barkeri group maintained stable as the OLR reached as high as 17.5 kg COD/(m·d) and the volatile fatty acids concentration was consistently below 10 mM. The RF-GAC performed better than Rf-GAC+M.barkeri in enriching Methanothrix, whose relative abundance was 60.6 % in the former group. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed the addition of RF-GAC upregulated genes related to DIET in Methanothrix species, including hdrA and fpoD. Furthermore, Methanothrix remained the dominant archaea even continuously inoculating pure strains of M.barkeri during the entire operational period. Pure culture experiments proved that GAC inhibited M.barkeri growth. The results of this study can be optimized for practical application of AD treating high-concentration brewery wastewater.
通过厌氧消化（AD）有效处理高浓度啤酒废水一直是一个具有挑战性的问题。研究表明，在高有机负荷率（OLR）下，增强直接种间电子转移（DIET）可提高厌氧消化过程中的甲烷产量。在此，研究了添加负载核黄素的颗粒活性炭（RF-GAC）以及与巴氏甲烷八叠球菌共同添加（Rf-GAC+M.barkeri）来增强DIET的可行性（众所周知，巴氏甲烷八叠球菌能够与电活性细菌进行DIET）。在整个过程中，Rf-GAC组和Rf-GAC+M.barkeri组的平均化学需氧量（COD）去除率均达到97%以上，比对照组高14%。Rf-GAC组和Rf-GAC+M.barkeri组的平均甲烷产量分别达到0.334±0.02 L（标准状况）/g COD和0.345±0.02 L（标准状况）/g COD，分别是对照组达到的0.247±0.03 L（标准状况）/g COD的1.35倍和1.39倍。对照反应器在OLR为12 kg COD/（m³·d）时恶化，而Rf-GAC组和Rf-GAC+M.barkeri组在OLR高达17.5 kg COD/（m³·d）且挥发性脂肪酸浓度始终低于10 mM时保持稳定。RF-GAC在富集甲烷丝状菌方面比Rf-GAC+M.barkeri表现更好，甲烷丝状菌在前一组中的相对丰度为60.6%。代谢途径分析表明，添加RF-GAC上调了甲烷丝状菌属中与DIET相关的基因，包括hdrA和fpoD。此外，即使在整个运行期间连续接种巴氏甲烷八叠球菌的纯菌株，甲烷丝状菌仍然是优势古菌。纯培养实验证明GAC抑制巴氏甲烷八叠球菌的生长。本研究结果可为厌氧消化处理高浓度啤酒废水的实际应用提供优化依据。
