The Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, Salzburg, Austria.
Institute of eHealth, University of Applied Sciences - FH JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
Int J Med Inform. 2025 Jan;193:105686. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105686. Epub 2024 Nov 2.
Patient-Generated Health Data (PGHD) is increasingly influential in therapy and diagnostic decisions. PGHD should be integrated into electronic health records (EHR) to maximize its utility. This study evaluates the openEHR Reference Model (RM) compatibility with the DH-Convener initiative's modules (Data Collection Module and Data Connector Module) as a potential concept for standardizing PGHD across wearable health devices, focusing on achieving interoperability.
The study analyzes various types of PGHD, assessing the data formats and structures used by wearable tools. We evaluate openEHR RM specification with our initiative, DH-Convenor, focusing on PGHD semantic interoperability challenges. We evaluated current Archetypes and Templates that are now created and exist on openEHR Clinical Knowledge Management (CKM) and mapped them to our requirements. The DH-Convener modules are examined for their compatibility in standardizing PGHD integration into openEHR clinical workflows and compared with other existing standards for flexibility, scalability, and interoperability.
The findings indicate that the diversity in data formats across wearable tools and openEHR shows strong potential as unifying data models based on the DH-Convener's modules. It supports a wide range of PGHD types in existing archetypes and aligns well with our initiative's requirements for storing PGHD, enabling more seamless integration into EHR systems.
Integrating PGHD into EHR is crucial for personalized healthcare, but inconsistent device formats hinder interoperability. The DH-Convener leverages openEHR to provide a strong solution, though stakeholder collaboration remains essential. Our initiative demonstrates openEHR's ability to ensure consistency, particularly in Europe.
We aligned the openEHR layers with the DH-Convener modules, demonstrating openEHR's compatibility for storing PGHD and supporting interoperability goals, such as standardized storage and seamless data transfer to Austria's national EHR. Future efforts should prioritize promoting these models and ensuring their adaptability to emerging wearable devices.
患者生成的健康数据（PGHD）在治疗和诊断决策中越来越有影响力。PGHD 应整合到电子健康记录（EHR）中，以最大限度地发挥其效用。本研究评估了 openEHR 参考模型（RM）与 DH-Convener 计划的模块（数据收集模块和数据连接器模块）的兼容性，作为标准化可穿戴健康设备中 PGHD 的潜在概念，重点是实现互操作性。
该研究分析了各种类型的 PGHD，评估了可穿戴工具使用的数据格式和结构。我们评估了 openEHR RM 规范与我们的倡议，DH-Convenor，重点是 PGHD 语义互操作性挑战。我们评估了当前的 Archetypes 和 Templates，这些 Archetypes 和 Templates 现在是在 openEHR 临床知识管理（CKM）中创建和存在的，并将它们映射到我们的需求上。检查了 DH-Convener 模块在将 PGHD 标准化集成到 openEHR 临床工作流程中的兼容性，并与其他现有标准进行了比较，以评估其灵活性、可扩展性和互操作性。
研究结果表明，可穿戴工具和 openEHR 之间的数据格式多样性具有强大的潜力，可以基于 DH-Convener 的模块统一数据模型。它支持现有 archetypes 中广泛的 PGHD 类型，并与我们倡议存储 PGHD 的要求很好地对齐，能够更无缝地集成到 EHR 系统中。
将 PGHD 集成到 EHR 对于个性化医疗至关重要，但设备格式不一致会阻碍互操作性。DH-Convener 利用 openEHR 提供了一个强大的解决方案，但利益相关者的合作仍然至关重要。我们的倡议展示了 openEHR 确保一致性的能力，特别是在欧洲。
我们将 openEHR 层与 DH-Convener 模块对齐，展示了 openEHR 存储 PGHD 的兼容性，并支持互操作性目标，例如标准化存储和无缝数据传输到奥地利的国家 EHR。未来的工作应优先推广这些模型，并确保它们适应新兴的可穿戴设备。
