Mogasale Vijayalaxmi V, Sinha Anish, John Jacob, Hasan Farooqui Habib, Ray Arindam, Chantler Tracey, Mogasale Vittal, Gopal Dhoubhadel Bhim, John Edmunds W, Clark Andrew, Abbas Kaja
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Dynamics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Vaccine X. 2024 Oct 1;21:100568. doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100568. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Typhoid conjugate vaccines are available in the private market in India and are also recommended by the National Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (NTAGI) for inclusion in India's Universal Immunisation Programme in 2022 to control and prevent typhoid fever. Our study aims to synthesise the supportive evidence for typhoid conjugate vaccine implementation in the routine immunisation programme of India.
We conducted a literature review to identify supportive evidence for typhoid conjugate vaccine implementation in India based on the key criteria of the World Health Organisation's Evidence-to-Recommendation framework for National Immunisation Technical Advisory Groups.
We synthesised evidence on typhoid disease burden, benefits and harms of typhoid conjugate vaccine, cost-effectiveness analysis, and implementation feasibility. However, the in-country evidence on budget impact analysis, vaccine demand and supply forecast, equity analysis, target population values and preferences, immunisation service providers' acceptability, co-administration safety, and antimicrobial resistance tracking were limited.
Based on the literature review, we identified evidence gaps. We recommend identifying research priorities for supporting typhoid conjugate vaccine implementation decision-making in India by combining evidence gaps with the perceived importance of the same evidence criteria and factors among immunisation stakeholders.
伤寒结合疫苗在印度的私营市场上有售，国家免疫技术咨询小组（NTAGI）也建议将其纳入2022年印度的通用免疫计划，以控制和预防伤寒热。我们的研究旨在综合支持在印度常规免疫计划中实施伤寒结合疫苗的证据。
我们进行了一项文献综述，以根据世界卫生组织国家免疫技术咨询小组的证据到建议框架的关键标准，确定支持在印度实施伤寒结合疫苗的证据。
我们综合了关于伤寒疾病负担、伤寒结合疫苗的益处和危害、成本效益分析以及实施可行性的证据。然而，国内关于预算影响分析、疫苗供需预测、公平性分析、目标人群价值观和偏好、免疫服务提供者的可接受性、联合接种安全性以及抗菌素耐药性追踪的证据有限。
基于文献综述，我们确定了证据差距。我们建议通过将证据差距与免疫利益相关者对相同证据标准和因素的感知重要性相结合，确定支持印度伤寒结合疫苗实施决策的研究重点。
