Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory (LIGEP), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom.
Front Immunol. 2024 Oct 23;15:1399754. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1399754. eCollection 2024.
The interplay between immune cells and malignant cells represents an essential chapter in the eradication of breast cancer. This widely distributed and diverse form of cancer represents a major threat to women worldwide. The incidence of breast cancer is related to several risk factors, notably genetic predisposition and family antecedents. Despite progress in treatment modalities varying from surgery and chemotherapy to radiotherapy and targeted therapies, persistently high rates of recurrence, metastasis, and treatment resistance underscore the urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. Immunotherapy has gained considerable ground in the treatment of breast cancer, as it takes advantage of the complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment. This dynamic interplay between immune and tumor cells has become a key point of focus in immunological research. This study investigates the role of various cancer markers, such as neoantigens and immune regulatory genes, in the diagnosis and treatment of breast tumors. Moreover, it explores the future potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors as therapeutically effective agents, as well as the challenges that prevent their efficacy, in particular tumor-induced immunosuppression and the difficulty of achieving tumor specificity.
免疫细胞和恶性细胞之间的相互作用是乳腺癌根治的重要一章。这种广泛分布和多样化的癌症形式对全世界的女性构成了重大威胁。乳腺癌的发病率与多种风险因素有关，特别是遗传易感性和家族病史。尽管在治疗方式上取得了进展，从手术、化疗到放疗和靶向治疗，但复发、转移和治疗耐药性的持续高比率突出表明需要新的治疗方法。免疫疗法在乳腺癌的治疗中取得了很大进展，因为它利用了肿瘤微环境中的复杂相互作用。免疫和肿瘤细胞之间的这种动态相互作用已成为免疫研究的一个关键点。本研究探讨了各种癌症标志物（如新生抗原和免疫调节基因）在乳腺癌诊断和治疗中的作用。此外，它还探讨了免疫检查点抑制剂作为治疗有效药物的未来潜力，以及阻止其疗效的挑战，特别是肿瘤诱导的免疫抑制和难以实现肿瘤特异性。
