Rafii Soumaya, Kandoussi Sarah, Ghouzlani Amina, Naji Oumayma, Reddy Konala Priyanka, Ullah Sadiqi Rizwan, Badou Abdallah
Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria.
Front Oncol. 2023 May 19;13:1135430. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1135430. eCollection 2023.
Gliomas are considered one of the most malignant cancers in the body. Despite current therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, these tumors usually recur with more aggressive and resistant phenotypes. Indeed, the survival following these conventional therapies is very poor, which makes immunotherapy the subject of active research at present. The anti-tumor immune response could also be considered a prognostic factor since each stage of cancer development is regulated by immune cells. However, glioma microenvironment contains malignant cells that secrete numerous chemokines, cytokines and growth factors, promoting the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells into the tumor, which limit the functioning of the immune system against glioma cells. Recently, researchers have been able to reverse the immune resistance of cancer cells and thus activate the anti-tumor immune response through different immunotherapy strategies. Here, we review the general concept of glioma's immune microenvironment and report the impact of its distinct components on the anti-tumor immune response. We also discuss the mechanisms of glioma cell evasion from the immune response and pinpoint some potential therapeutic pathways, which could alleviate such resistance.
胶质瘤被认为是人体中最恶性的癌症之一。尽管目前有包括手术、化疗和放疗在内的治疗方法，但这些肿瘤通常会复发，且具有更具侵袭性和耐药性的表型。事实上，这些传统治疗后的生存率非常低，这使得免疫疗法成为目前积极研究的课题。抗肿瘤免疫反应也可被视为一个预后因素，因为癌症发展的每个阶段都受免疫细胞调节。然而，胶质瘤微环境包含分泌大量趋化因子、细胞因子和生长因子的恶性细胞，促进免疫抑制细胞浸润到肿瘤中，这限制了免疫系统对抗胶质瘤细胞的功能。最近，研究人员已经能够通过不同的免疫治疗策略逆转癌细胞的免疫抗性，从而激活抗肿瘤免疫反应。在此，我们综述了胶质瘤免疫微环境的一般概念，并报告了其不同组成部分对抗肿瘤免疫反应的影响。我们还讨论了胶质瘤细胞逃避免疫反应的机制，并指出一些可能减轻这种抗性的潜在治疗途径。
