Boinis N, Konomi A, Gkotsis G, Nika M-C, Thomaidis N S
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2025 Jan;417(3):535-553. doi: 10.1007/s00216-024-05628-8. Epub 2024 Nov 7.
Determining organic micropollutants in liver samples of apex species is of foremost importance for biomonitoring studies, as it can provide evidence of environmental pollution and exposure of living organisms to chemicals. This review aims to provide a 4-year overview and summarize the trends in the extraction methodologies to determine both polar and non-polar organic micropollutants in liver samples from organisms of higher trophic levels. The dominant extraction techniques including ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), Soxhlet, and QuEChERS, as well as additional steps and/or modifications applied in the reviewed studies, are presented and critically discussed. The latest trends in these methods as well as a comparison between them considering elapsed time, robustness, cost, and environmental fingerprint are also provided.
确定顶级物种肝脏样本中的有机微污染物对于生物监测研究至关重要，因为它可以提供环境污染以及生物体接触化学物质的证据。本综述旨在提供一个4年的概述，并总结从营养级较高的生物体肝脏样本中测定极性和非极性有机微污染物的提取方法的趋势。介绍并批判性地讨论了主要的提取技术，包括超声辅助提取（UAE）、加压液体提取（PLE）、索氏提取和QuEChERS，以及在综述研究中应用的额外步骤和/或改进。还提供了这些方法的最新趋势，以及考虑耗时、稳健性、成本和环境影响的方法之间的比较。
